Table 2. Logistic Regression Models for the Association Between Acculturation and Diet Quality, by Age, Among Mexican Americans, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2000 Through 2010–2012a .
| Component | Young Adults (Aged 20–39 y) |
Middle-Aged Adults (Aged 40–60 y) |
Seniors (Aged >60 y) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI)b | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b , c | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)b | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b , c | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)b | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b , c | |
| Total HEI 2010 score | 0.91 (0.86–0.95) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) |
| Total vegetables | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) | 0.86 (0.80–0.91) | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) |
| Greens and beans | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 0.85 (0.79–0.90) | 0.84 (0.79–0.90) | 0.87 (0.79–0.94) | 0.88 (0.83–0.95) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) |
| Total fruit | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) | 0.91 (0.86–0.98) | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) |
| Whole fruit | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.79 (0.72–0.88) |
| Whole grain | 1.25 (1.20–1.30) | 1.13 (1.07–1.20) | 1.24 (1.18–1.31) | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) |
| Dairy | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | 0.82 (0.75–0.88) | 0.80 (0.73–0.88) |
| Total proteins | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 0.97 (0.91–1.05) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) |
| Seafood and plant protein | 1.04 (0.98–1.09) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.00 (0.93–1.09) | 1.01 (0.95–1.05) | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) |
| Fatty acids | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) |
| Sodium | 0.88 (0.83–0.91) | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 0.89 (0.84–0.95) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) | 0.82 (0.71–0.93) |
| Refined grains | 1.15 (1.09–1.23) | 1.20 (1.15–1.25) | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) | 1.10 (0.99–1.21) | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | 1.10 (0.97–1.26) |
| Empty calories | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | 0.89 (0.84–0.93) | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 0.91 (0.85–0.99) | 0.89 (0.79–0.99) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HEI, Healthy Eating Index 2010; OR, odds ratio.
a
HEI total and component scores were dichotomized based on median values.
b
Odds of better diet quality (ie, score above median) with 1-unit increase of acculturation.
c
Adjusted for age, income, education level, marital status, alcohol drinking status, and smoking status. Acculturation was derived from information on length of stay, nativity, and language spoken at home.