. 2017 Jun 15;8(2):145–153.

Table 1.

Plasma biochemical parameters of common carp fed various dietary levels of marshmallow extract (2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 g kg^-1 feed) along with control group at the end of the preclinical stage. Data are presented as mean ± SD

Blood biochemical parameters	Experimental groups
Blood biochemical parameters	Control	2.50 g kg^-1	5.00 g kg ^-1	10.00 g kg^-1
Aspartate aminotransferase (U L ^-1 )	50.50 ± 5.10^a	61.43 ± 6.87^ab	60.21 ± 14.31^ab	63.85 ± 7.30^b
Alanine aminotransferase (U L ^-1 )	12.24 ± 4.12^b	10.48 ± 1.41^b	11.03 ± 0.90^b	8.27 ± 2.82^a
Lactate dehydrogenase (U L ^-1 )	203.18 ± 38.00^a	191.65 ± 33.35^a	182.39 ± 22.71^a	327.73 ± 15.24^b
Alkaline phosphatase (U L ^-1 )	66.05 ± 14.76^a	86.14 ± 14.97^b	70.43 ± 14.32^a	84.52 ± 17.18^b
Creatine phosphokinase (U L ^-1 )	972.48 ± 317.13^a	1013.57 ± 203.75^a	1199.81 ± 155.99^ab	1330.72 ± 438.19^b
Glucose (mg dL ^-1 )	66.48 ± 14.68^a	60.49 ± 8.97^a	80.34 ± 17.39^b	102.53 ± 10.88^c
Total protein (mg dL ^-1 )	42.90 ± 4.90^a	54.50 ± 6.80^b	41.20 ± 11.60^a	45.70 ± 2.30^a
Albumin (mg dL ^-1 )	23.40 ± 6.50^a	25.90 ± 8.70^a	24.40 ± 1.10^a	22.00 ± 4.20^a
Globulins (mg dL ^-1 )	19.50 ± 6.40^a	28.60 ± 14.00^b	16.80 ± 12.80^a	23.90 ± 4.80^ab
Cholesterol (mg dL ^-1 )	87.95 ± 9.93^b	76.53 ± 8.95^a	73.09 ± 8.63^a	86.14 ± 6.58^b
Triglycerides (mg dL ^-1 )	236.64 ± 38.47^c	202.69 ± 39.38^ab	193.73 ± 17.65^a	227.32 ± 48.35^bc
Creatinine (mg dL ^-1 )	0.40 ± 0.09^a	0.39 ± 0.08^a	0.46 ± 0.06^b	0.36 ± 0.07^a

^abc

Different superscripts indicate the signiﬁcant difference (p < 0.05, Duncan’s multiple comparison).