Table 1.
Composition of experimental diets
| Diet | Starter | Grower | Finisher |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients (%) | |||
| Maize | 32.99 | 34.45 | 39.28 |
| Wheat | 20.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
| Soybean meal (44% CP) | 39.33 | 33.50 | 28.23 |
| Soybean oil | 2.94 | 2.90 | 3.30 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 2.10 | 2.15 | 2.15 |
| Lime stone | 1.10 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| Lysine | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.20 |
| DL-methionine | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.14 |
| Vitamin-mineral mix * | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Sand † | - | - | 0.50 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Nutrients composition (%) | |||
| Dry matter | 85.98 | 86.21 | 86.27 |
| Metabolizable energy (Kcal g -1 ) | 2860.00 | 2930.00 | 3000.00 |
| Crude protein | 21.99 | 19.99 | 17.99 |
| Fat | 3.87 | 3.93 | 5.37 |
| Fiber | 3.96 | 3.70 | 3.33 |
| Calcium | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
| Available phosphorus | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.44 |
| Chloride | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.29 |
| Sodium | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Methionine | 0.70 | 0.38 | 0.31 |
| Lysine | 1.32 | 1.23 | 1.09 |
| Arginine | 1.53 | 1.37 | 1.22 |
| Methionine + Cysteine | 1.07 | 0.73 | 0.73 |
| Tryptophan | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
| Tyrosine | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.81 |
| Threonine | 0.85 | 0.77 | 0.69 |
*
Supplied per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 9000 U; vitamin D3, 2000 U; vitamin E, 18 U; vitamin B12, 0.15 mg; riboflavin, 6.60 mg; calcium pantothenate, 10.00 mg; niacin, 30.00 mg; choline, 500 mg; biotin, 0.10 mg; thiamine, 1.80 mg; pyridoxine, 3.00 mg; folic acid, 1.00 mg; vitamin K3, 2.00 mg; antioxidant (Ethoxyquin), 100 mg; zinc, 50.00 mg; manganese oxide, 100 mg; copper, 10.00 mg; Fe, 50.00 mg; I, 1.00 mg; Se, 0.20 mg.
†
The turmeric and cinnamon powders or the blend of both were replaced by sand in the diets at finisher