Table 1.
Cohort demographics and cellular immune activation markers at baseline.
| EC | Naive | Negative | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 16 | 32 | 16 | |
| Age (years, median (IQR))* | 47 (40.3–54.3) | 43.5 (37.3–50.5) | 49 (44–52.8) | ns |
| Gender (n, male/female)† | 9/7 | 16/16 | 8/8 | ns |
| Ethnicity (n) | ||||
| Black | 9 | 13 | 0 | |
| Caucasian | 6 | 17 | 15 | |
| Latin | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Oriental | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Mode of transmission (n) | ||||
| Heterosexually | 8 | 21 | NA | |
| MSM | 4 | 8 | ||
| IVDU | 1 | 3 | ||
| Blood transfusion | 2 | 0 | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 0 | ||
| Sexual practice † | ||||
| Heterosex | 12 | 24 | 12 | ns |
| MSM | 4 | 8 | 4 | |
| Time since diagnosis (years, median (IQR))* | 8.55 (5.0–18.0) | 3 (0.7–6.9) | NA | 0.0008 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (score (IQR))* | 26.4 (24.1–32.2) | 25 (23.0–30.0) | 24.2 (22.9–25.6) | ns |
| CD4+ T-cell count (median (IQR)* | 806 (676–1049) | 390 (298–475) | NA | <0.0001 |
| CD8+ T-cell count (median (IQR)* | 705 (541–904) | 995 (678–1373) | NA | 0.02 |
| CD4/CD8+ T-cell ratio (median (IQR)* | 1.41 (0.74–1.55) | 0.38 (0.27–0.51) | NA | <0.0001 |
| CD4+ T-reg cells (FoxP3+CD25+) % (median (IQR)* | 4.91 (4.13–5.66) | NA | 5.88 (4.77–7.28) | ns |
| CD4+ HLA-DR+ CD38+ T cells % (median (IQR))* | 0.44 (0.34–0.75) | 7.78 (5.34–14.8) | 0.53 (0.39–0.61) | <0.0001 |
| CD8+ HLA-DR+ CD38+ T cells % (median (IQR))* | 1.16 (0.77–1.6) | 36.9 (23.6–44.9) | 0.71 (0.52–1.71) | <0.0001 |
EC = elite controllers. Naive = viral progressors. Negative = negative controls.
*Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between three groups, and Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test was adapted for “post hoc” testing. Mann-Whitney was applied for comparisons between two groups. †Chi-square test was applied. NA (not available). ns (non significant) indicates p-value > 0.05.