Table 2.

Data availability for care cascade indicators.

Cascade measure	Tanzania	South Africa	Kenya
People living with HIV diagnosed	Testing data are in paper-based registers but do not include names or other personal identifiers needed for de-duplication issues. The PMSa includes date of diagnosis.	Testing data are in paper-based registers and include names and other personal identifiers that may be used for de-duplication issues. The PMS includes date of diagnosis.	Testing data are in paper-based registers and include names and other personal identifiers, although data are not sufficient for de-duplication issues. The PMS includes date of diagnosis.
HIV care coverage	Unable to determine unduplicated number of people diagnosed; therefore, the proportion of people linked to care cannot be determined. The PMS starts at entry to care.	The PMS does not currently include care information prior to starting ARTb. Care services are sometimes offered separately from ART services.	Insufficient identifiers obtained in testing to unduplicate and determine proportion linked to care. The PMS starts at entry to care.
ART coverage	Only the proportion of people in care on ART can be determined.	Only the proportion of people in care on ART can be determined.	Only the proportion of people in care on ART can be determined.
ART retention	Can be determined at the facility level; currently unable to resolve duplication issues at the national level.	Can be determined through viral load tests noted in the PMS and LIMSc.	Can be determined at the facility level; currently unable to resolve duplication issues at the national level.
Viral suppression	Viral load testing for routine monitoring of patients on ART is being rolled out and is currently unavailable for most patients; tests conducted are noted in the PMS.	Viral load testing for routine monitoring of patients on ART is widely available. Test information is available in the PMS and LIMS, typically within 48 hours.	Viral load testing for routine monitoring of persons on ART is fairly recent; data are available in the LIMS and there is often a long lag time between tests and data entered into the PMS.
AIDS-related deathsd	Deaths are recorded in the PMS, although reporting is incomplete, especially cause of death. The death registry is a separate paper-based system and is not routinely linked to the PMS.	Deaths are recorded in the PMS. The death registry is a separate electronic system with limited access by health staff.	Deaths are recorded in the PMS, although reporting is incomplete, especially cause of death. The death registry is a separate paper-based system and is not routinely linked to the PMS.

^aPMS: patient monitoring system.

^bART: antiretroviral therapy.

^cLIMS: laboratory information management system.

^dThe ability to separately identify and report on AIDS-related deaths, as opposed to all-cause mortality amongst people living with HIV, was not assessed.