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Effect of astaxanthin on cytokine production in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Each value represents mean value ± SD, **p<0.01 and *p<0.05 by ANOVA/Dunnett’s test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; AX, astaxanthin; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UV, ultraviolet.
