Table 1.
Summary of the biochemical blood exam
| Group | n | Measured value |
Comparison between week 0 and 16 |
Intergroup comparison of change amount |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 |
Week 16 |
|||||
| Mean SD | Mean SD | p value | p value | |||
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 0.76 ± 0.24 | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.064 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 0.75 ± 0.22 | 0.74 ± 0.21 | 0.696 | 0.370 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 0.71 ± 0.20 | 0.71 ± 0.16 | 1.000 | 0.791 | |
| AST (U/L) | Placebo | 18 | 19.89 ± 3.48 | 21.56 ± 5.19 | 0.053 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 20.82 ± 7.22 | 21.32 ± 4.22 | 0.678 | 0.979 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 18.21 ± 4.81 | 20.00 ± 3.80 | 0.008* | 0.457 | |
| ALT (U/L) | Placebo | 18 | 14.11 ± 4.54 | 15.78 ± 7.95 | 0.219 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 17.64 ± 11.56 | 15.77 ± 7.12 | 0.247 | 1.000 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 13.95 ± 4.96 | 14.79 ± 4.22 | 0.353 | 0.860 | |
| ALP (U/L) | Placebo | 18 | 185.28 ± 60.11 | 191.06 ± 59.17 | 0.234 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 191.68 ± 71.31 | 185.32 ± 59.43 | 0.325 | 0.923 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 179.58 ± 38.65 | 193.26 ± 43.91 | 0.001* | 0.989 | |
| LD (LDH) (U/L) | Placebo | 18 | 166.83 ± 16.04 | 161.72 ± 20.36 | 0.149 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 181.82 ± 22.56 | 173.95 ± 25.23 | 0.016* | 0.291 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 165.00 ± 31.11 | 166.47 ± 36.13 | 0.777 | 0.823 | |
| γ-GT (U/L) | Placebo | 18 | 24.17 ± 24.06 | 23.22 ± 21.29 | 0.365 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 27.09 ± 27.56 | 22.41 ± 15.60 | 0.151 | 0.979 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 16.00 ± 3.54 | 15.53 ± 4.05 | 0.283 | 0.224 | |
| CK (U/L) | Placebo | 18 | 92.11 ± 46.07 | 96.39 ± 58.94 | 0.438 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 92.27 ± 44.62 | 100.86 ± 46.12 | 0.318 | 0.933 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 96.16 ± 39.00 | 89.53 ± 29.70 | 0.275 | 0.861 | |
| Total protein (g/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 7.40 ± 0.38 | 7.50 ± 0.41 | 0.252 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 7.50 ± 0.32 | 7.57 ± 0.38 | 0.296 | 0.774 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 7.39 ± 0.43 | 7.66 ± 0.36 | 0.012* | 0.356 | |
| A/G | Placebo | 18 | 1.45 ± 0.18 | 1.41 ± 0.20 | 0.304 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 1.41 ± 0.11 | 1.43 ± 0.18 | 0.718 | 0.967 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 1.43 ± 0.19 | 1.41 ± 0.21 | 0.453 | 0.997 | |
| ALB (g/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 4.36 ± 0.22 | 4.37 ± 0.20 | 0.895 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 4.39 ± 0.21 | 4.43 ± 0.18 | 0.346 | 0.467 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 4.33 ± 0.21 | 4.45 ± 0.21 | 0.010* | 0.305 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 0.69 ± 0.10 | 0.64 ± 0.08 | 0.001* | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 0.67 ± 0.08 | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.011* | 0.999 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 0.69 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.10 | 0.003* | 0.995 | |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 13.28 ± 3.01 | 12.56 ± 2.66 | 0.200 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 13.27 ± 2.39 | 12.73 ± 2.90 | 0.352 | 0.970 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 13.00 ± 2.60 | 12.11 ± 2.42 | 0.145 | 0.826 | |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 4.36 ± 1.05 | 4.22 ± 1.11 | 0.269 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 4.60 ± 0.73 | 4.45 ± 0.92 | 0.071 | 0.701 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 4.23 ± 0.92 | 4.28 ± 0.97 | 0.506 | 0.974 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 88.06 ± 7.69 | 87.89 ± 9.50 | 0.886 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 87.18 ± 8.54 | 87.23 ± 9.73 | 0.975 | 0.967 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 87.26 ± 7.27 | 90.05 ± 10.38 | 0.206 | 0.726 | |
| HbA1c (%) | Placebo | 18 | 5.37 ± 0.28 | 5.37 ± 0.32 | 1.000 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 5.34 ± 0.20 | 5.32 ± 0.25 | 0.411 | 0.794 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 5.31 ± 0.23 | 5.27 ± 0.25 | 0.187 | 0.474 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 234.22 ± 50.79 | 231.50 ± 49.64 | 0.286 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 230.41 ± 32.68 | 228.82 ± 28.91 | 0.590 | 0.960 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 211.37 ± 24.99 | 218.53 ± 28.03 | 0.059 | 0.446 | |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 76.44 ± 27.65 | 72.56 ± 30.31 | 0.428 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 71.00 ± 24.80 | 71.14 ± 30.84 | 0.977 | 0.983 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 68.84 ± 24.26 | 64.26 ± 28.39 | 0.399 | 0.606 | |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 72.78 ± 11.40 | 76.22 ± 13.32 | 0.011* | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 75.23 ± 10.77 | 80.41 ± 12.40 | 0.008* | 0.540 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 73.63 ± 15.84 | 83.00 ± 16.21 | 0.000* | 0.247 | |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 140.89 ± 47.68 | 141.11 ± 47.39 | 0.939 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 136.77 ± 30.67 | 136.32 ± 30.56 | 0.830 | 0.872 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 119.79 ± 21.30 | 122.53 ± 24.68 | 0.419 | 0.193 | |
| Arteriosclerosis index | Placebo | 18 | 2.00 ± 0.76 | 1.93 ± 0.80 | 0.159 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 1.87 ± 0.54 | 1.76 ± 0.57 | 0.059 | 0.642 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 1.73 ± 0.62 | 1.55 ± 0.58 | 0.005* | 0.144 | |
| Na (mEq/L) | Placebo | 18 | 140.61 ± 1.33 | 139.17 ± 1.72 | 0.000* | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 140.32 ± 1.62 | 140.55 ± 1.26 | 0.424 | 0.019* | |
| High-dose | 19 | 140.11 ± 1.59 | 140.00 ± 1.91 | 0.772 | 0.217 | |
| K (mEq/L) | Placebo | 18 | 4.12 ± 0.26 | 4.18 ± 0.27 | 0.373 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 4.24 ± 0.32 | 4.32 ± 0.27 | 0.178 | 0.222 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 4.17 ± 0.19 | 4.26 ± 0.32 | 0.258 | 0.567 | |
| Cl (mEq/L) | Placebo | 18 | 102.39 ± 1.72 | 102.28 ± 1.74 | 0.742 | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 102.86 ± 1.55 | 103.23 ± 1.85 | 0.257 | 0.198 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 102.53 ± 1.58 | 102.32 ± 2.00 | 0.600 | 0.997 | |
| Ca (mEq/L) | Placebo | 18 | 9.58 ± 0.28 | 9.39 ± 0.23 | 0.004* | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 9.74 ± 0.35 | 9.50 ± 0.26 | 0.000* | 0.392 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 9.67 ± 0.38 | 9.62 ± 0.34 | 0.434 | 0.034* | |
| Serum iron (µg/dl) | Placebo | 18 | 122.61 ± 45.95 | 94.22 ± 35.22 | 0.009* | |
| Low-dose | 22 | 106.05 ± 40.02 | 118.32 ± 46.81 | 0.226 | 0.126 | |
| High-dose | 19 | 105.11 ± 39.92 | 102.58 ± 39.65 | 0.752 | 0.760 | |
*p<0.05 by student’s t test or ANOVA/Dunnett’s test. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LD, lactate dehydrogenase; γ-GT, gumma-glutamyl transferase; CK, creatine kinase; A/G, albumin/globulin ratio; ALB, albumin; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; Na, sodium ; K, potassium; Cl, chlorine; Ca, calcium; ANOVA, analysis of variance.