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. 2017 Jul 25;8:1411. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01411

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Copyright © 2017 Liu, Chen, Chen, Tsai and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Presence of antigen-specific IgG and IgA in NP-rTcdB vaccinated mice after C. difficile challenge. rTcdB-specific IgG (1:20,000 dilution) (A) and IgA (1: 1,000 dilution) (B) from serum of different treatment groups were compared by ELISA. (C) rTcdB-specific IgG and IgA from gastrointestinal lavage (GAL) (1:2 dilution) were also compared. All data are presented as mean ± standard deviations. Statistical comparisons between NP-rTcdB vaccinated and empty nanoparticle vaccinated group were analyzed by Student’s t-test (^∗∗P ≤ 0.01, ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, ^∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001). All data are representative of at least three independent experiments.