TABLE 2.
Associations between ASB consumption and incident diabetes mellitus1
| ASB consumption categories (n = 64,850) |
|||||
| Never or <3 servings/mo | 1–6 servings/wk | 1 serving/d | ≥2 servings/d | P-trend | |
| n (%) | 42,257 (65.16) | 14,602 (22.52) | 4961 (7.65) | 3030 (4.67) | |
| Cases, n | 2751 | 1108 | 485 | 331 | |
| Unadjusted | Referent | 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) | 1.51 (1.37, 1.66) | 1.70 (1.51, 1.90) | <0.0001 |
| Age adjusted | Referent | 1.18 (1.10, 1.26) | 1.55 (1.40, 1.70) | 1.76 (1.57, 1.97) | <0.0001 |
| Age and race adjusted | Referent | 1.20 (1.12, 1.29) | 1.60 (1.45, 1.76) | 1.83 (1.63, 2.05) | <0.0001 |
| Fully adjusted2 | Referent | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 1.24 (1.13, 1.37) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) | <0.0001 |
1
Values are HRs (95% CIs) estimated from Cox proportional hazards models. ASB, artificially sweetened beverage.
2
Model adjusted for age, race, marital status, family income, education, family history of diabetes, BMI, change in BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, insurance status, antihypertensive use, antihyperlipidemic use, hormone replacement therapy use, calibrated energy, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, glycemic load based on available carbohydrates, glycemic index based on available carbohydrates, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, cardiovascular history, hysterectomy history, smoking status, physical activity, sitting time, and alcohol consumption.