Table 3.
Observed and expected number of cancers and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs and corrected SIRs) for male firefighters from the Fire Department of the City of New York with USA (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) cancer rates for comparison
| Observed | Expected | SIR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All sites | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed (61 884 person-years) | 263 | 238 | 1·10 (0·98–1·25) |
| Non-exposed (60 761 person-years) | 135 | 161 | 0·84 (0·71–0·99) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·32 (1·07–1·62) |
|
| |||
| All sites (corrected)† | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 242 | 238 | 1·02 (0·90–1·15) |
| Non-exposed | 135 | 161 | 0·84 (0·71–0·99) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·21 (0·98–1·49) |
|
| |||
| Oesophagus | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | ≤5 | 3 | 0·58 (0·15–2·32) |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 2 | 0·44 (0·06–3·13) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·32 (0·12–14·53) |
|
| |||
| Stomach (including gastro-oesophogeal junction) | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 8 | 4 | 2·24 (0·98–5·25) |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 2 | 1·23 (0·40–3·83) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·82 (0·44–7·49) |
|
| |||
| Colon (excluding rectum) | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 21 | 14 | 1·52 (0·99–2·33) |
| Non-exposed | 9 | 9 | 1·01 (0·53–1·94) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·50 (0·69–3·27) |
|
| |||
| Pancreas | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | ≤5 | 5 | 0·78 (0·29–2·09) |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 3 | 0·31 (0·04–2·20) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 2·52 (0·28–22·59) |
|
| |||
| Lung | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 9 | 21 | 0·42 (0·20–0·86) |
| Non-exposed | 8 | 15 | 0·52 (0·26–1·05) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 0·80 (0·29–2·18) |
|
| |||
| Lung (corrected)† | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 6 | 21 | 0·28 (0·13–0·62) |
| Non-exposed | 8 | 15 | 0·52 (0·26–1·05) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 0·53 (0·18–1·54) |
|
| |||
| Melanoma | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 33 | 21 | 1·54 (1·08–2·18) |
| Non-exposed | 15 | 16 | 0·95 (0·57–1·58) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·61 (0·87–2·99) |
|
| |||
| Prostate | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 90 | 60 | 1·49 (1·20–1·85) |
| Non-exposed | 45 | 33 | 1·35 (1·01–1·81) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·11 (0·77–1·59) |
|
| |||
| Prostate (corrected)† | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 73 | 60 | 1·21 (0·96–1·52) |
| Non-exposed | 45 | 33 | 1·35 (1·01–1·81) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 0·90 (0·62–1·30) |
|
| |||
| Testicular | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | ≤5 | 6 | 0·86 (0·36–2·06) |
| Non-exposed | 11 | 7 | 1·54 (0·85–2·78) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 0·56 (0·19–1·60) |
|
| |||
| Bladder | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 11 | 11 | 1·01 (0·56–1·83) |
| Non-exposed | 6 | 8 | 0·79 (0·36–1·76) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·28 (0·47–3·46) |
|
| |||
| Kidney | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 10 | 12 | 0·86 (0·46–1·60) |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 7 | 0·30 (0·07–1·18) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 2·91 (0·64–13·30) |
|
| |||
| Thyroid | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 17 | 6 | 3·07 (1·86–5·08) |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 3 | 0·59 (0·15–2·36) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 5·21 (1·19–22·74) |
|
| |||
| Thyroid (corrected)† | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 12 | 6 | 2·17 (1·23–3·82) |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 3 | 0·59 (0·15–2·36) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 3·67 (0·82–16·42) |
|
| |||
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 0 | 2 | ·· |
| Non-exposed | ≤5 | 2 | 0·82 (0·20–3·27) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | ·· |
|
| |||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 21 | 13 | 1·58 (1·03–2·42) |
| Non-exposed | 9 | 11 | 0·83 (0·43–1·60) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·90 (0·87–4·15) |
|
| |||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (corrected)† | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 20 | 13 | 1·50 (0·97–2·33) |
| Non-exposed | 9 | 11 | 0·83 (0·43–1·60) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 1·81 (0·82–3·97) |
|
| |||
| Multiple myeloma | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | ≤5 | 3 | 1·49 (0·56–3·97) |
| Non-exposed | 0 | 2 | ·· |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | ·· |
|
| |||
| Leukaemia | |||
|
| |||
| Exposed | 9 | 6 | 1·40 (0·73–2·70) |
| Non-exposed | 7 | 5 | 1·47 (0·63–3·40) |
| SIR ratio* | ·· | ·· | 0·98 (0·33–2·77) |
Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) are ratios of observed to expected cancers established by the cancer incidence in the reference USA (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) population, standardised to match the age and race and ethnic origin demographics of the Fire Department of the City of New York firefighter cohort. SIR ratios are the ratios of the World-Trade-Center (WTC) exposed SIRs to the non-exposed SIRs. SIR=standardised incidence ratios.
Exposed vs non-exposed.
Corrected for surveillance bias by lagging the diagnosis date by 2 years for 25 cases. All person-time before Sept 11, 2001 (9/11), was classified as non-WTC-exposed. On and after 9/11, person-time for 8927 persons was classified as WTC-exposed, while person-time for 926 remained non-exposed. We did not include sites with too few cancers for our analysis and therefore the sum of site-specific cancers in this table does not include all observed cases.