Table 2.
Effect size of adaptive behavior means for HC, WBS, DS, and ASD groups
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | HC vs. WBS | HC vs. DS | HC vs. ASD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | WBS | DS | ASD | Cohen’s d/effect size r | Cohen’s d/effect size r | Cohen’s d/effect size r | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | (p) | (p) | (p) | |
| Socialization | 112.45 (17.40) | 60.30 (26.09) | 55.86 (17.63) | 56.52 (29.28) | 2.35/.76a (p < .001) | 3.22/.85a (p < .001) | 2.32/.75a (p < .001) |
| Communication | 103.66 (13.57) | 40.82 (18.95) | 25.50 (7.46) | 58.97 (28.51) | 3.82/.88b (p < .001) | 7.17/.96b (p < .001) | 2.00/.70a (p < .001) |
| Daily living | 103.33 (18.89) | 33.91 (15.57) | 27.95 (11.79) | 53.13 (30.74) | 4.06/.89b (p < .001) | 4.81/.92b (p < .001) | 1.97/.70a (p < .001) |
| Total VABS | 108.62 (16.42) | 41.39 (15.39) | 32.54 (8.86) | 53.63 (26.30) | 3.60/.87b (p < .001) | 5.76/.94b (p < .001) | 2.50/.78a (p < .001) |
Socialization, communication, daily living skills of Vineland scale; total of Vineland scale (total VABS)
HC healthy controls, WBS Williams–Beuren syndrome, DS Down syndrome, ASD autism spectrum disorder
aMedium effect size
bLarge effect size