Table 1.
Demographic variables, injury severity, mechanism of injury, and associated injuries
| Characteristic | Full Sample (n = 85) | Participants (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at injury in years; mean (SD) | 10.54 (4.7) Range: 0.0–17.9 |
10.95 (3.7) Range: 2.8–15.4 |
| Male; n (%) | 64 (75.3) | 14 (60.9) |
| GCS; median (IQR) | 10 (9) | 9 (9) |
| Mild; n (%) | 30 (35.3) | 10 (43.5) |
| Moderate; n (%) | 21 (24.7) | 4 (17.4) |
| Severe; n (%) | 34 (40.0) | 9 (39.1) |
| Intubated; n (%) | 52 (60.5) | 13 (56.5) |
| PIFOS Total Score | 5.86 (9.8) | 4.59 (5.8) |
| PIFOS Cognition Score | 2.29 (4.6) | 1.50 (2.5) |
| Mechanism of Injury | n (%) | n (%) |
| Motor vehicle collision | 39 (45.9) | 11 (47.8) |
| Bicycle | 14 (16.5) | 0 (0)* |
| Fall | 16 (18.8) | 5 (21.7) |
| Sport | 7 (8.2) | 5 (21.7)* |
| Other | 9 (10.6) | 2 (8.7) |
| CT Findings | n (%) | n (%) |
| Subdural hematoma | 46 (54.1) | 11 (47.8) |
| Epidural hematoma | 11 (12.9) | 3 (13.0) |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 28 (32.9) | 9 (39.1) |
| Midline shift | 13 (15.3) | 3 (13.0) |
| Skull fracture | 48 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) |
| Other injuries | n (%) | n (%) |
| Spine fracture | 6 (7.0) | 2 (8.7) |
| Spinal cord injury | 3 (3.5) | 2 (8.7) |
| Cardiovascular injury | 3 (3.5) | 2 (7.1) |
| Thoracic injury | 18 (20.9) | 6 (26.1) |
| Abdominal injury | 2 (2.3) | 1 (4.3) |
| Genital-urinal injury | 2 (2.3) | 1 (4.3) |
| Major fractures | 28 (32.6) | 8 (34.8) |
| Peripheral injury | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) |
SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range. Independent t-tests, for continuous demographic variables, and Chi-square analyses, for categorical demographic variables, were performed on those included and excluded from the study. *p < .05