Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| rIPC group (n = 27) | Control (n = 31) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| General data | Age (years) | 58.89 (±13.5) | 54.77 (±13.9) |
| Sex (male/female) | 12/15 | 17/14 | |
| BMI | 25.73 (±6.18)a | 25.42 (±4.12)b | |
| Previous medical conditions | Arterial hypertension | 6 | 10 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 | 3 | |
| Hypothyroidism | 6 | 3 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 | 0 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0 | 4 | |
| Previous stroke | 0 | 0 | |
| Smokers | 3 | 5 | |
| Ex-smokers | 0 | 2 | |
| Regular medications | Aspirin | 2 | 3 |
| Beta blockers | 4 | 2 | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3 | 1 | |
| ACE inhibitors | 5 | 6 | |
| Anticoagulants | 1 | 0 | |
| Anticonvulsants | 10 | 14 | |
| Diuretics | 4 | 3 | |
| Statins | 3 | 2 | |
| Levothyroxine | 6 | 3 | |
| Antidepressants | 3 | 4 | |
| Other drugs | 1 | 5 | |
| Clinical data | Patients undergoing first resection | 10 | 15 |
| Previous radiotherapy | 8 | 9 | |
| Previous chemotherapy | 10 | 10 | |
| Glioma patients previously treated with temozolomide | 6 | 4 | |
| Glioma patients previously treated with CCNU | 0 | 1 | |
| Preoperative Karnofsky (%) | 90 (80–100) | 100 (80–100) | |
| Tumor location | Frontal | 15 | 15 |
| Temporal | 6 | 9 | |
| Parietal | 2 | 3 | |
| Basal ganglia | 1 | 2 | |
| Other locations | 3 | 2 | |
| Left hemisphere | 10 | 11 | |
| Right hemisphere | 12 | 14 | |
| Bilateral tumors | 5 | 6 | |
| Surgical data | ASA PS 1 | 1 | 3 |
| ASA PS 2 | 17 | 23 | |
| ASA PS 3 | 6 | 3 | |
| Surgery duration (h) | 2.71 (±0.87) | 2.62 (±0.9) | |
| Use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (MEP/SEP) | 20 | 19 | |
| Gross total resection | 13 | 13 | |
| Near total resection | 9 | 12 | |
| Subtotal resection | 5 | 6 | |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 300 (200–300)c | 300 (200–600)d | |
| Hypoxemia (SaO2 ≤ 92%) | 1 e | 0 f | |
| Hypotension (MAP ≤65 mmHg) | 1 | 4 | |
| Use of intraoperative corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | |
| Intraoperative vessel damage | 0 | 0 | |
| Histopathological findings in patients with glioma | LGG (WHO I and II) | 3 | 4 |
| HGG (WHO III and IV) | 13 | 15 | |
| Glioblastoma | 6 | 6 | |
| Gliosarcoma | 0 | 1 | |
| Diffuse astrocytoma | 2 | 3 | |
| Anaplastic astrocytoma | 4 | 5 | |
| Oligodendroglioma | 0 | 1 | |
| Anaplastic oligodendroglioma | 2 | 3 | |
| Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma | 1 | 0 | |
| Ganglioglioma | 1 | 0 | |
| MGMT methylation | 5 | 7 | |
| 1p/19q codeletion | 4 | 4 | |
| IDH1 mutation | 7 | 10 | |
| Histopathological findings in patients with metastasis | Adenocarcinoma | 6 | 4 |
| Undifferentiated carcinoma | 0 | 2 | |
| Melanoma | 3 | 1 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 4 | |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation (SD)), median (interquartile range (IR)), or number of patients. BMI body mass index, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, CCNU lomustine, ASA PS American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status classification, MEP/SEP motor- and somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring, MAP mean arterial pressure, LGG low-grade glioma, HGG high-grade glioma, WHO World Health Organization, MGMT O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
aData obtained from 16 patients
bData obtained from 20 patients
cData obtained from 21 patients
dData obtained from 27 patients
eData obtained from 24 patients
fData obtained from 29 patients