Table 1.
Differences in characteristics by age groups (n = 17,968)
| Characteristic | 20–39 y (n = 5,802) | 40–64 y (n = 8,265) | Over 65 y (n = 3,901) | χ2* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 3,306 (47.6) | 4,657 (49.4) | 2,259 (59.7) | 108.50 |
| Male | 2,496 (52.4) | 3,608 (50.6) | 1,642 (40.3) | ||
| Family structure | With family members | 5,561 (94.9) | 7,902 (96.5) | 3,200 (84.1) | 527.60 |
| Single | 238 (5.1) | 349 (3.5) | 693 (15.9) | ||
| Residential area | Rural | 773 (12.0) | 2,002 (22.0) | 1,566 (36.1) | 707.23 |
| City | 5,029 (88.0) | 6,263 (78.0) | 2,335 (63.9) | ||
| SES level | High | 3,711 (62.9) | 3,457 (43.5) | 265 (6.2) | 5,210.64 |
| Medium | 1,899 (35.1) | 2,798 (35.9) | 935 (26.2) | ||
| Low | 106 (2.0) | 1,869 (20.6) | 2,562 (67.6) | ||
| Current smoking | Yes | 1,623 (33.1) | 1,786 (25.7) | 548 (14.8) | 316.87 |
| Drinking (time) | < 1/mo | 2,012 (31.7) | 3,637 (40.6) | 2,521 (66.8) | 1,154.29 |
| 1–4/mo | 2,536 (46.0) | 2,563 (32.0) | 583 (14.8) | ||
| ≥ 2/wk | 1,206 (22.3) | 1,998 (27.4) | 723 (18.4) | ||
| Physical activity | High | 1,541 (28.9) | 2,584 (31.7) | 861 (20.6) | 126.60 |
| Medium | 1,985 (34.8) | 2,577 (31.0) | 1,340 (35.2) | ||
| Low | 2,254 (36.3) | 3,053 (37.3) | 1,630 (44.2) | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Blood pressure | Low | 4,946 (83.5) | 4,591 (56.2) | 1,103 (27.6) | 2,798.59 |
| High | 856 (16.5) | 3,673 (43.8) | 2,796 (72.4) | ||
| Waist circumference | Not AO | 4,574 (79.9) | 4,942 (62.1) | 1,997 (49.5) | 981.74 |
| AO | 1,205 (20.1) | 3,299 (37.9) | 1,889 (50.5) | ||
| Fasting glucose | Low | 5,060 (89.2) | 5,429 (66.9) | 1,954 (53.2) | 1,584.35 |
| High | 621 (10.8) | 2,654 (33.1) | 1,635 (46.8) | ||
| Triglyceride | Low | 4,583 (79.3) | 5,186 (63.2) | 2,110 (58.1) | 607.96 |
| High | 1,104 (20.7) | 2,905 (36.8) | 1,467 (41.9) | ||
| HDL cholesterol | High | 4,395 (78.7) | 5,362 (68.2) | 1,907 (52.9) | 576.36 |
| Low | 1,292 (21.3) | 2,729 (31.8) | 1,670 (47.1) | ||
| Osteoarthritis | Yes | 110 (1.9) | 1,176 (12.2) | 1,344 (35.3) | 2,039.79 |
| Fall experience | Yes | 58 (1.1) | 116 (1.5) | 109 (2.5) | 23.80 |
| Depression | Yes | 678 (11.5) | 1,184 (13.9) | 674 (17.8) | 62.39 |
| Stress | Many | 1,993 (34.0) | 2,199 (26.6) | 855 (22.9) | 152.28 |
| Suicidal ideation | Yes | 785 (13.1) | 1,233 (14.6) | 938 (25.7) | 222.28 |
| Perceived health status | Good | 2,520 (44.3) | 3,196 (38.1) | 1,225 (32.8) | 718.73 |
| Fair | 2,508 (42.9) | 3,286 (42.1) | 1,140 (29.7) | ||
| Poor | 750 (12.8) | 1,735 (19.8) | 1,473 (37.5) | ||
| Quality of life | Mobility problem | 151 (2.6) | 1,006 (10.8) | 1,733 (46.4) | 3,211.35 |
| Self-care problem | 26 (0.4) | 194 (2.2) | 525 (13.7) | 1,118.47 | |
| Usual activity problem | 94 (1.7) | 578 (6.3) | 1,138 (30.4) | 2,135.31 | |
| Pain/discomfort | 758 (12.7) | 1,868 (21.1) | 1,690 (43.7) | 1,038.20 | |
| Anxiety/depression | 450 (7.8) | 894 (10.1) | 618 (15.7) | 124.68 | |
| Total energy (kcal/day) | ≥ 3,000 | 656 (15.6) | 715 (11.7) | 111 (2.9) | 624.26 |
| 2,000–3,000 | 1,525 (32.0) | 2,233 (31.2) | 698 (18.7) | ||
| 1,000–2,000 | 2,316 (44.2) | 3,834 (50.5) | 2,324 (62.0) | ||
| < 1,000 | 407 (8.2) | 502 (6.6) | 517 (15.9) | ||
| Protein (g/kg/day) | ≥ 1.2 | 2,086 (42.8) | 2,561 (36.6) | 726 (19.0) | 606.37 |
| 0.8–1.2 | 1,524 (30.3) | 2,545 (34.7) | 1,143 (30.5) | ||
| < 0.8 | 1,294 (26.9) | 2,178 (28.7) | 1,781 (50.5) | ||
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | ≥ 20 | 1,574 (26.5) | 3,314 (40.2) | 1,736 (46.4) | 443.73 |
| < 20 | 4,113 (73.5) | 4,764 (59.8) | 1,813 (53.6) | ||
| Sarcopenia | 1,080 (19.2) | 2,484 (29.1) | 1,619 (42.3) | 532.72 | |
Values are presented number of unweighted sample size (weighted percent) the discrepancy between number and total number is due to missing value.
SES, socioeconomic status; AO, abdominal obesity; HDL, high density lipoprotein.
*
Rao-Scott χ2-test; p < 0.001.