Overexpression of PPARγ rescued IL-32α-mediated inhibition of cholesterol efflux. (A) Cholesterol efflux assay and (B) western blot analysis were performed in THP-1 macrophages treated with the PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ2 for 1 h, followed by exposure to IL-32α (50 ng/ml) for a further 6 h. (C) Cholesterol efflux assay and (D) western blot analysis were conducted in THP-1 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-PPAR-γ or pcDNA3.1 vector. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=3). *P<0.05. IL-32α, interleukin-32α; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; ABC, ATP-binding cassette transporter; LXRα, liver X receptor α; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.