Table 4.

Results of the animal studies Ménard studies and Bauer

Model	Immune parameters affected at LOEL	LOEL	Considered by EFSA (1)
Oral tolerance model Ménard: study 1 (10)	• Increase of anti-OVA IgG in OVA-tolerized rats	0.5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Oral immunization model Ménard: study 1 (10)	• IgG titers were significantly increased	5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Oral challenge protocol Ménard: study 2: (OVA-tolerized) (10)	Spleen • increased cell proliferation • increased IFNγ • increased activated T lymphocytes (CD4+CD44highCD62Llow) Colon • increased inflammation • increased neutrophil infiltration • increased IFNγ and IL10 • decreased TGFβ	5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Oral challenge protocol Ménard: study 2: (OVA-immunized) (10)	• increased IFNγ secretion (spleen)	5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Oral tolerance model Ménard: study 3 (11)	• decrease IFNγ secretion (spleen)	5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Oral immunization model Ménard: study 3 (11)	• decrease in IFNγ secretion (spleen and MLN) • decrease in helper T cells (spleen and MLN) • decrease in regulatory T cells (spleen and MLN) • decrease in dendritic cells (spleen and MLN)	5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Host resistance model Ménard: study 4 (11)	• 1.5-fold increase in N. brasiliensis living larvae • decreased Neutrophil Infiltration • increases susceptibility to N. brasiliensis parasitic infection by deregulating Th1/Th2 cytokines profile in infected intestinal mucosa. (IL13, 4, 10 GRO/KC, IFNy)	5 μg/kg BW/day	(−)
Respiratory allergy model Bauer: mucosal sensitization model (12)	• enhanced lymphocytic infiltration and lung inflammation (in females only).	>50 μg BPA/kg BW/day	(+)
Respiratory allergy model Bauer: systemic sensitization model (12)	• dampened lung eosinophilia • reduced OVA-specific IgE	0.5 μg BPA/kg BW/day	(+)