Reagents and conditions: (a) Boc2O, Et3N, CH2Cl2, 23 °C; (b) K2CO3, MeOH, 0 °C; (c) Ph3P, DIAD, Me2C(OH)CN, THF, 23 °C (83% for 3-steps); (d) 20% aq NaOH, EtOH (1:1), reflux (81%); (e) CF3CO2H, CH2Cl2, 23 °C; (f) EDCI, HOBt, iPr2NEt, CH2Cl2, 23 °C (42% for 2-steps); (g) POCl3, CH2Cl2, 50 °C, then, NaBH4, MeOH/H2O, 0 °C (72%); (h) H2, 10% Pd-C, EtOAc, 23 °C (92%).