Table 1. Patients' grading of symptoms before and after nasal valve reconstruction with placement of a titanium implant on a 5-point scale (1 = no problem, 3 = moderate problem, 5 = severe problems).

	Preoperative			Postoperative
	Average	±	SEM	Average	±	SEM	p -Value
Need to blow nose	3.33	±	0.35	1.13	±	0.32	<0.0001
Sneezing	1.93	±	0.47	0.67	±	0.36	0.04
Facial pain/pressure	1.67	±	0.44	0.53	±	0.27	0.04
Difficulty breathing through the nose	4.07	±	0.34	0.60	±	0.21	<0.0001
Difficulty falling asleep	2.00	±	0.54	0.60	±	0.25	0.03
Waking up at night	2.67	±	0.41	1.13	±	0.34	0.007
Lack of good night sleep	3.07	±	0.44	1.20	±	0.33	0.002
Wake up tired	2.87	±	0.47	1.13	±	0.31	0.005
Fatigue	2.47	±	0.41	1.13	±	0.34	0.02
Reduced productivity	1.93	±	0.48	0.73	±	0.30	0.04
Frustrated/restless/irritable	2.27	±	0.45	0.73	±	0.23	0.005

Notes: Symptoms not listed which did not significantly change include runny nose, postnasal discharge, thick nasal discharge, dizziness, ear pain, decreased sense of smell, reduced concentration, sadness, embarrassment, and asthma. Unrelated symptoms, such as sadness, added to the survey as a control, also did not significantly change adding to the reliability of data reporting.