Table 1.
Perception of Surgeon Leadership and Surgeon Behavior by Function and Valence
| Category | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S7a | S8 | Surgeon Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perception of surgeon as team leader, average (SD) | 6.22 (0.93) | 4.22 (2.07) | 5.17 (1.14) | 6.02 (1.01) | 5.81 (1.04) | 4.75 (1.49) | 5.91 (1.08) | 5.40 (0.85) |
| No. of behaviors observed | 218 | 317 | 201 | 417 | 218 | 129 | 426 | 275 |
| Percent of behaviors by leader function | ||||||||
| Elucidator | 24% | 38% | 17% | 25% | 14% | 29% | 20% | 24% |
| Tone setter | 17% | 34% | 15% | 25% | 14% | 23% | 13% | 20% |
| Engagement facilitator | 26% | 6% | 18% | 15% | 14% | 9% | 16% | 15% |
| Delegator | 10% | 9% | 14% | 12% | 22% | 12% | 25% | 15% |
| Safe space maker | 18% | 9% | 18% | 14% | 21% | 13% | 12% | 15% |
| Conductor | 4% | 2% | 11% | 7% | 15% | 14% | 10% | 9% |
| Being human | 0% | 1% | 6% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 4% | 2% |
| Percent of behaviors by valence | ||||||||
| Positive | 84% | 49% | 71% | 72% | 64% | 43% | 69% | 66% |
| Neutral | 15% | 27% | 22% | 18% | 28% | 12% | 29% | 23% |
| Negative | 1% | 24% | 7% | 9% | 8% | 45% | 2% | 11% |
a
Numbering reflects exclusion from the study of 1 subspecialist surgeon. After initial observation, we realized that this surgeon did not interact sufficiently with other team members to warrant inclusion.