Table 2. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of pet turtle-borne bacteria in disc diffusion test.
| Bacterial species | Percentage susceptibility* of antimicrobials | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ampicillin (10 µg) | Amoxicillin (30 µg) | Cefoxitin (30 µg) | Cephalothin (30 µg) | Ceftriaxone (30 µg) | Imipenem (10 µg) | Gentamicin (10 µg) | Amikacin (30 µg) | Streptomycin (10 µg) | Nalidixic acid (30 µg) | Ciprofloxacin (5 µg) | ||
| Aeromonas caviae (n=2) | R | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 1 (50%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 1 (50%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | - | 1 (50%) | 2 (100%) |
| I | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| S | - | - | 1 (50%) | - | - | 1 (50%) | - | - | 2 (100%) | 1 (50%) | - | |
| A. hydrophila (n=7) | R | 6 (86%) | 6 (86%) | 1 (14%) | 2 (29%) | 2 (28%) | - | - | - | 1 (14%) | 4 (57%) | - |
| I | - | - | 1 (14%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (14%) | - | |
| S | 1 (14%) | 1 (14%) | 5 (72%) | 5 (71%) | 5 (72%) | 7 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 6 (86%) | 2 (29%) | 7 (100%) | |
| Citrobacter freundii (n=10) | R | 10 (100%) | 10 (100%) | 9 (90%) | 10 (100%) | - | - | 3 (30%) | - | 5 (50%) | - | 2 (20%) |
| I | - | - | 1 (10%) | - | - | 1 (10%) | - | - | - | - | 2 (20%) | |
| S | - | - | - | - | 10 (100%) | 9 (90%) | 7 (70%) | 10 (100%) | 5 (50%) | 10 (100%) | 6 (60%) | |
| Salmonella enterica (n=8) | R | 6 (75%) | 7 (87.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| I | 1 (12.5%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (12.5%) | - | |
| S | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 7 (87.5%) | 8 (100%) | |
| Proteus mirabilis (n=6) | R | 2 (33%) | 3 (50%) | - | 1 (16.5%) | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (16.5%) | 2 (33%) |
| I | - | - | - | 1 (16.5%) | - | - | - | - | 1 (17%) | 1 (16.5%) | - | |
| S | 4 (67%) | 3 (50%) | 6 (100%) | 4 (67%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 5 (83%) | 4 (67%) | 4 (67%) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=6) | R | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 5 (83%) | 6 (100%) | 5 (83%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | - |
| I | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (17%) | - | - | - | |
| S | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (17%) | - | - | - | - | 6 (100%) | |
| Edwardsiella tarda (n=1) | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| I | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (100%) | - | |
| S | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | - | 1 (100%) | |
*Susceptibility pattern; R=resistant, I=intermediate, S=susceptible were designated using breakpoints described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute [21].