FIG 3 .

Knockdown of Gal-3 increases recruitment of ubiquitin and Gal-8 to GAS. (A and B) shLuc-HMEC-1 and shGal3-HMEC-1 cells were infected with GAS at MOI = 5 for 30 min, and gentamicin was added to kill extracellular bacteria. Cells were collected at 1 h postinfection and stained with anti-LC3, anti-Gal-3 (A), anti-Gal-8 (B), and anti-ubiquitin (UB) antibodies. DAPI was used for cell nuclear and bacterial DNA staining. Images were observed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 μm. (C) Levels of GAS surrounded with UB and Gal-8 were determined relative to total levels of intracellular GAS. All quantitative data represent the means ± SD of results from three independent experiments, and over 100 cells were counted in each sample. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01 (compared to shLuc cells).