Table 4.
Multivariable analysis with Cox proportional hazard model
| Univariable analysis |
Disease‐free survival (DFS) (n = 396) |
Disease‐specific survival (DSS) (n = 432) |
Overall survival (OS) (n = 489) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age: | |||||||
| <65 years | DFS: 0.109a | 1 | 0.195a | 1 | 0.023a | 1 | <0.001a |
| 65 to 75 years | DSS: 0.105a | 0.73 (0.39–1.39) | 1.14 (0.70–1.87) | 1.41 (0.96–2.06) | |||
| >75 years | OS: <0.001a | 1.27 (0.76–2.12) | 1.72 (1.14–2.59) | 3.14 (2.26–4.35) | |||
| Gender: | DFS: 0.925 | ||||||
| Male | DSS: 0.416 | 0.93 (0.59–1.49) | 0.769 | 0.98 (0.69–1.39) | 0.891 | 1.29 (1.00–1.65) | 0.049 |
| Female | OS: 0.048 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| AJCC/UICC stage: | |||||||
| I | DFS: <0.001a | 1 | 0.004a | Excluded | <0.001a | 1 | <0.001a |
| II | DSS: <0.001a | 11.72 (1.60–86.08) | 1 | 0.86 (0.58–1.29) | |||
| III | OS: <0.001a | 18.27 (2.48–134.37) | 1.99 (1.22–3.25) | 0.99 (0.65–1.53) | |||
| IV | 39.18 (4.18–367.28) | 14.80 (8.88–24.67) | 5.51 (3.45–8.80) | ||||
| Perineural invasion: | |||||||
| No | DFS: <0.001 | 1 | 0.092 | 1 | 0.588 | 1 | 0.737 |
| Yes | DSS: <0.001 | 1.74 (0.91–3.30) | 1.12 (0.74–1.72) | 1.07 (0.73–1.56) | |||
| OS: <0.001 | |||||||
| Lymphovascular invasion: | |||||||
| No | DFS: <0.001 | 1 | 0.023 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Yes | DSS: <0.001 | 1.90 (1.09–3.29) | 2.72 (1.86–3.97) | 2.30 (1.68–3.14) | |||
| OS: <0.001 | |||||||
| Immunoscore: | |||||||
| 0 | DFS: <0.001a | 5.68 (2.43–13,31) | 0.001a | 4.48 (2.49–8.05) | <0.001a | 2.47 (1.66–3.67) | <0.001a |
| 1 | DSS: <0.001a | 4.05 (1.64–9.97) | 3.00 (1.58–5.70) | 2.00 (1.29–3.08) | |||
| 2 | OS: <0.001a | 3.28 (1.41–7.64) | 2.18 (1.19–4.02) | 1.44 (0.98–2.12) | |||
| 3 | 2.51 (1.05–6.00) | 1.44 (0.75–2.75) | 1.41 (0.95–2.07) | ||||
| 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| MMR‐status: | DFS: 0.005 | Excluded | |||||
| MSS | DSS: 0.003 | 1 | 0.126 | 1 | 0.271 | ||
| MSI | OS: 0.558 | 0.42 (0.14–1.27) | 0.70 (0.37–1.33) | ||||
| BRAF‐status: | DFS: 0.036 | Excluded | |||||
| BRAF wild‐type | DSS: 0.941 | 1 | 0.760 | 1 | 0.031 | ||
| BRAF mutation | OS: 0.038 | 0.84 (0.28–2.53) | 1.46 (1.04–2.07) | ||||
| Tumour location: | DFS: 0.733 | Excluded from all analyses | |||||
| Right hemicolon | DSS: 0.332 | ||||||
| Left hemicolon | OS: 0.345 | ||||||
Univariate analyses were performed with the following reference categories: 65 years, male gender, Stage 1, no perineural invasion, no lymphovascular invasion, Immunoscore 4, MSS‐status, BRAF wild type and tumour location in the left hemicolon. Only variables with a P value of <0.20 in univariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis with age and gender. There were 396 cases available for analysis of DFS, 432 for DSS, and 489 for OS. Patients with pTNM stage I disease (n = 78) were discarded from DSS analysis because there was no disease‐specific mortality. Ninety‐three cases were excluded from DFS analysis due to either existing metastasis or non‐radical surgery, 4 patients died before earliest event (recurrence) in a stratum, and an additional 17 cases had undetermined BRAF status. Due to missing data (BRAF status) 21 cases were excluded from OS analysis.
p for linearity.
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MMR, mismatch repair; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable; AJCC, The American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.