Table 1.
Effects of Western style diet in aged female rhesus macaques.
Pooled data | OvH + placebo | OvH + E | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month −1 | Month 24 | Month −1 | Month 24 | Month −1 | Month 24 | |
Body weight (kg) | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 9.04 ± 0.4*** | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.4## | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 8.8 ± 0.7## |
Activity | ||||||
24-h activity | 139 ± 10.9 | 115 ± 11.3** | 118 ± 7.5 | 93.4 ± 7.7# | 160 ± 17.7 | 136 ± 18.5# |
Daytime activity | 245 ± 20.1 | 201 ± 20.0** | 207 ± 13.7 | 165 ± 16.0# | 283 ± 34.6 | 237 ± 32.3# |
Nighttime activity | 33 ± 3.1 | 28 ± 3.4 | 30 ± 4.7 | 22 ± 1.3 | 36 ± 4.1 | 34 ± 6.0 |
Hormones | ||||||
Leptin (ng/mL) AM | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 13.3 ± 1.3*** | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 15.5 ± 2.0## | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 11.1 ± 1.4## |
Leptin (ng/mL) PM | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 14.0 ± 1.2*** | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 16.4 ± 1.9## | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 11.6 ± 1.0# |
Cortisol (ng/mL) AM | 250 ± 28.5 | 252 ± 17.9 | 276 ± 40 | 254 ± 25 | 219 ± 40 | 250 ± 28 |
Cortisol (ng/mL) PM | 128 ± 17.5 | 153 ± 17.6 | 145 ± 23 | 137 ± 25 | 111 ± 27 | 169 ± 25 |
DHEAS (ng/mL) AM | 92.9 ± 14.7 | 76.4 ± 13.9 | 75.7 ± 17.7 | 65.9 ± 15.5 | 113.0 ± 23.2 | 87.0 ± 23.7 |
DHEAS (ng/mL) PM | 47.9 ± 7.6 | 58.6 ± 12.3 | 41.0 ± 11.8 | 43.7 ± 9.5 | 54.9 ± 9.6 | 73.4 ± 22.1 |
Values represent means ± s.e.m. of 7 animals.
P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, (RM ANOVA, effect of time); #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 (RM ANOVA, followed by Fisher’s LSD test).
E, estradiol-17β; OvH, ovo-hysterectomized.