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. 2017 Feb 17;11(3):320–334. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12039

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Proposed molecular mechanisms by which dual inhibition suppresses sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells by targeting the Akt and c‐Met pathways. ‘→’ indicates positive regulation or activation; ‘⊥’, negative regulation or blockade. Solid lines ‘____’ indicate mechanisms examined in the present study, while dotted lines ‘‐‐‐‐‐‐’, mechanisms in previous studies (He et al., 2015; Llovet et al., 2008; Zhai et al., 2014). Abbreviations and explanations: c‐Kit, also called stem cell growth factor receptor or CD117; c‐Met, also called hepatocyte growth factor receptor [HGFR]; ERK, extracellular signaling‐regulated kinase; GSK‐3β, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; LC3, microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PDGF, platelet‐derived growth factor; PDGFR, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SCF, stem cell factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.