TABLE 4.

Associations of Second-Trimester Intake of Beverages With BMI z Score in Midchildhood, Overall and According to Maternal BMI, Maternal Race and/or Ethnicity, and Child Sex

		Unadjusted	Adjusteda	Additionally Adjusted for Child Beverage Intake
	N	Difference in BMI z Score (95% CI) Per 1 Serving/d Increment in Maternal Beverage Intake
SSB	1078	0.15 (0.07 to 0.23)	0.07 (−0.01 to 0.15)	0.07 (−0.01 to 0.15)
Sugary soda	1078	0.23 (0.10 to 0.36)	0.11 (−0.02 to 0.23)	0.12 (−0.01 to 0.25)
Fruit drinks	1078	0.13 (0.02 to 0.24)	0.06 (−0.05 to 0.17)	0.06 (−0.04 to 0.17)
Juice	1078	0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08)	0.01 (−0.05 to 0.06)	0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07)
Diet soda	1078	0.12 (0.00 to 0.24)	0.07 (−0.05 to 0.18)	0.02 (−0.12 to 0.15)
Water	1078	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)	0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03)	0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03)
		Difference in BMI z Score (95% CI) Per 1 Serving/d Increment in Second-Trimester SSB Intake
By maternal prepregnancy BMI
<25	702	0.10 (0.00 to 0.19)	0.07 (−0.03 to 0.17)	0.08 (−0.02 to 0.18)
≥25	376	0.14 (0.02 to 0.27)	0.08 (−0.04 to 0.20)	0.08 (−0.04 to 0.20)
By maternal race and/or ethnicity
African American	176	0.17 (0.01 to 0.34)	0.14 (−0.03 to 0.30)	0.14 (−0.03 to 0.30)
White	730	0.04 (−0.05 to 0.13)	0.00 (−0.09 to 0.09)	0.01 (−0.08 to 0.10)
Other (Hispanic, Asian American, other)	172	0.30 (0.08 to 0.51)	0.19 (−0.02 to 0.41)	0.21 (−0.01 to 0.43)
By child sex
Boy	535	0.10 (−0.01 to 0.21)	0.03 (−0.08 to 0.14)	0.04 (−0.08 to 0.15)
Girl	543	0.19 (0.08 to 0.30)	0.09 (−0.02 to 0.19)	0.09 (−0.01 to 0.19)

Data from 1078 mother-child pairs participating in Project Viva.

^aAdjusted for maternal age, race and/or ethnicity, education, smoking, parity, and prepregnancy BMI; household income; and child age and sex. Models stratified by race and/or ethnicity do not include race and/or ethnicity as a covariate. Models stratified by sex do not include sex as a covariate.