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Nicotine exposure reduces adrenal catecholamine biosynthesis. In control (water-exposed) pups, catecholamine content was lower in the mutant (KO). Nicotine exposure had opposing effects in WT and mutant (KO) pups, reducing levels in the former but elevating them in the latter (Right; *, †, and ¶, P < 0.05). Preservation of this reflex could have important survival benefits (nicotine-treated mutants). Also see Table 1. Error bars indicate SEM.
