TABLE 1.
Weighted Percentage Distribution of WIC-Eligible Participants and WIC-Eligible Nonparticipants by Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Significance of Proportion Tests Comparing Participant and Nonparticipants
| Total (n = 1,634) | Participant (n = 1,357) | Nonparticipant (n = 277) | Proportion test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | ||||
| White | 13.9 | 10.8 | 28.8 | ** |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 8.6 | 7.7 | 12.6 | ** |
| Hispanic | 44.1 | 47.8 | 25.6 | ** |
| Black | 33.1 | 33.3 | 31.8 | |
| Maternal age | ||||
| <20 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 5.4 | * |
| 20–34 | 76.9 | 76.5 | 79.1 | |
| ≥35 | 13.7 | 13.3 | 15.5 | |
| Maternal education | ||||
| 0–8 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.1 | |
| 9–11 | 19.7 | 21.2 | 12.3 | ** |
| 12 | 39.8 | 40.0 | 38.6 | |
| 13–15 | 21.8 | 20.7 | 27.1 | * |
| ≥16 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 15.9 | * |
| Income | ||||
| <10,000 | 42.7 | 43.9 | 37.6 | ^ |
| 10,000–14,999 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 14.8 | ^ |
| 15,000–19,999 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 9.4 | |
| 20,000–24,999 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 12.6 | * |
| 25,000–34,999 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 11.2 | |
| 35,000–49,999 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.4 | |
| ≥50,000–74,999 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 5.1 | * |
| ≥75,000 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 4.0 | |
| Maternal nativity | ||||
| U.S. born | 43.1 | 52.4 | 42.2 | *** |
| Non-U.S. born | 56.9 | 47.7 | 57.9 | *** |
| Language of questionnaire | ||||
| English | 76.7 | 74.8 | 86.3 | *** |
| Spanish | 23.3 | 25.2 | 13.7 | *** |
| Intention for pregnancy | ||||
| No | 60.3 | 62.7 | 48.7 | *** |
| Yes | 39.7 | 37.3 | 51.3 | *** |
| Social support | ||||
| 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | |
| 1 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 2.2 | ** |
| 2 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 4.0 | ** |
| 3 | 16.7 | 17.4 | 13.0 | ^ |
| 4 | 67.4 | 65.7 | 76.2 | *** |
| Structural barriers | ||||
| 0 | 78.4 | 78.7 | 76.9 | |
| 1 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 14.8 | |
| 2 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 5.4 | |
| 3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.5 | |
| 4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | .4 |
^
p < .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.