Table 2.
Results from generalized linear mixed models testing the effects of social, roosting tree, cavity, weather, and physiological characteristics upon four thermoregulatory responses of roosting Barbastella barbastellus. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; n.s. = not significant
| Model | Hypothesis | Variable | Estimate | Error | Z | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torpor use | Social | Condition | −0.33 | 0.12 | 9.01 | ** |
| Colony size | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | n.s. | ||
| Tree | Elevation | 0.03 | 0.00 | 5.97 | * | |
| Canopy closure | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.41 | n.s. | ||
| DBH | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.02 | n.s. | ||
| Exposition | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.13 | n.s. | ||
| Tree height | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.18 | n.s. | ||
| Cavity | Roost type | −0.02 | 0.19 | 3.96 | n.s. | |
| Internal temperature | −0.03 | 0.03 | 1.57 | n.s. | ||
| Roost height | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | n.s. | ||
| Insulation | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | n.s. | ||
| Weather | Min temperature | −0.02 | 0.02 | 2.90 | n.s. | |
| Precipitation | 0.25 | 0.18 | 1.49 | n.s. | ||
| Physiological | Sex | 0.27 | 0.19 | 7.32 | ** | |
| Reproductive status | −0.20 | 0.16 | 0.93 | n.s. | ||
| Body condition | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.86 | n.s. | ||
| Numbers of torpor bouts | Social | Condition | −0.35 | 0.11 | 3.09 | * |
| Colony size | −0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | n.s. | ||
| Tree | Elevation | −0.01 | 0.00 | 5.38 | * | |
| Canopy closure | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 | n.s. | ||
| DBH | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.03 | n.s. | ||
| Exposition | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 | n.s. | ||
| Tree height | 0.04 | 0.02 | 3.44 | n.s. | ||
| Cavity | Roost type | −0.10 | 0.50 | 1.28 | n.s. | |
| Internal temperature | −0.05 | 0.05 | 1.09 | n.s. | ||
| Roost height | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.26 | n.s. | ||
| Insulation | 0.02 | 0.08 | 1.12 | n.s. | ||
| Weather | Min temperature | −0.02 | 0.03 | 2.29 | n.s. | |
| Precipitation | 0.16 | 0.28 | 1.49 | n.s. | ||
| Physiological | Sex | 0.39 | 0.30 | 2.80 | n.s. | |
| Reproductive status | −0.12 | 0.27 | 0.07 | n.s. | ||
| Body condition | 0.11 | 0.08 | 1.55 | n.s. | ||
| Torpor depth | Social | Condition | −1.43 | 1.36 | 15.48 | *** |
| Colony size | −0.26 | 0.14 | 6.08 | * | ||
| Tree | Elevation | −0.36 | 0.35 | 1.09 | n.s. | |
| Canopy closure | 0.49 | 0.13 | 0.03 | n.s. | ||
| DBH | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.15 | n.s. | ||
| Exposition | −0.43 | 0.48 | 1.48 | n.s. | ||
| Tree height | 0.42 | 0.67 | 0.00 | n.s. | ||
| Cavity | Roost type | −2.10 | 0.92 | 1.60 | n.s. | |
| Internal temperature | −0.23 | 0.13 | 10.67 | ** | ||
| Roost height | −0.15 | 0.08 | 2.36 | n.s. | ||
| Insulation | −0.59 | 0.23 | 1.15 | n.s. | ||
| Weather | Min temperature | −0.11 | 0.10 | 6.20 | * | |
| Precipitation | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.80 | n.s. | ||
| Physiological | Sex | 2.76 | 0.91 | 10.33 | ** | |
| Reproductive status | −0.55 | 0.80 | 0.41 | n.s. | ||
| Body condition | 0.45 | 0.26 | 2.84 | n.s. | ||
| Torpor duration | Social | Condition | −1.66 | 3.48 | 4.74 | * |
| Colony size | −0.64 | 0.33 | 1.46 | n.s | ||
| Tree | Elevation | 0.03 | 0.00 | 4.47 | * | |
| Canopy closure | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.07 | n.s. | ||
| DBH | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.49 | n.s. | ||
| Exposition | −0.00 | 0.00 | 3.64 | * | ||
| Tree height | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.02 | n.s. | ||
| Cavity | Roost type | −3.05 | 4.50 | 0.04 | n.s. | |
| Internal temperature | −0.39 | 0.30 | 6.81 | * | ||
| Roost height | −0.18 | 0.17 | 2.36 | n.s. | ||
| Insulation | −0.67 | 0.60 | 0.08 | n.s. | ||
| Weather | Min temperature | −0.35 | 0.17 | 11.96 | ** | |
| Precipitation | 0.52 | 1.46 | 0.05 | n.s. | ||
| Physiological | Sex | 3.68 | 2.88 | 1.00 | n.s. | |
| Reproductive status | 0.01 | 2.70 | 0.01 | n.s. | ||
| Body condition | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.77 | n.s. |