Table 4. Antibiotic resistance and production of antimicrobial compounds in Gram negative bacteria isolated from Siachen Glacier.
| Isolates | Nearest phylogenetic species* | Antibiotic resistance and production of antimicrobial compounds in Gram negative bacteria | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic Resistance and sensitivity pattern | MAR index | Antibacterial and antifungal activity | |||||||||||||||||||
| IMI | CTX | CT | NA | SXT | OFX | DA | S.A* | E.C* | P.A* | C.A | A.F | A.Fl | S.A | E.C | K.P | Ent. | |||||
| Gammaproteobacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||
| LS 2 | Pseudomonas sp. | R | R | I | R | S | S | I | 0.71 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | ||
| LS 3 | Pseudomonas fragi | S | S | I | S | S | S | R | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS4 | Pseudomonas fragi | S | R | S | S | S | S | R | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS5 | Pseudomonas reinekei | S | R | R | S | R | R | S | 0.57 | 1 | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS15 | Pseudomonas sp | S | R | R | I | S | S | R | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS20 | Psychrobacter sp. | S | S | S | I | S | S | R | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS26 | Pseudomonas veronii | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | 0.14 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS30 | Pseudomonas fragi | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | 0.42 | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS2 | Pseudomonas fragi | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | 0.14 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS3 | Pseudomonas deceptionensis | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS8 | Pseudomonas antarctica | R | S | S | I | R | S | S | 0.42 | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| HS9 | Pseudomonas salomonii | R | S | S | S | R | S | S | 0.28 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| HS11 | Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | 0.00 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | ||
| HS14 | Acinetobacter johnsonii | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | 0.00 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | ||
| HS21 | Pseudomonas sp. | R | S | R | S | S | R | R | 0.57 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | ||
| HS22 | Pseudomonas arsenicoxydans | S | S | R | I | S | R | S | 0.42 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS23 | Psychrobacter sp. | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS24 | Pseudomonas sp. | R | S | S | R | R | S | I | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS26 | Pseudomonas sp. | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | 0.14 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS28 | Pseudomonas sp. | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | 0.42 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Betaproteobacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||
| LS1 | Janthinobacterium sp. | R | S | I | S | S | S | S | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS24 | Janthinobacterium sp. | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | 0.42 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | ||
| HS4 | Janthinobacterium lividum | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS7 | Janthinobacterium sp. | S | R | S | S | S | S | I | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HS10 | Alcaligenes sp. | R | R | S | R | S | S | S | 0.42 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | ||
| HS17 | Alcaligenes sp. HT4-MRL | S | R | R | S | S | R | S | 0.42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | ||
| HS18 | Alcaligenes faecalis | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | 0.28 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | ||
| HS19 | Alcaligenes sp. HT4-MRL | R | S | R | S | S | S | R | 0.42 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | ||
| Alpha proteobacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||
| HS25 | Afipia sp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Flavobacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||
| LS23 | Chryseobacterium antarcticum | S | R | S | S | S | S | R | 0.28 | - | - | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| LS29 | Uncultured bacteria gb|EF509349.1| | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | 0.57 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | ||
| LS35 | Flavobacterium antarcticum | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | 0.85 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | ||
| LS36 | Flavobacterium antarcticum | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | 0.42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | ||
Key: S.A*, Staphylococcus aureus; E.C*, E. coli; P.A*, P. aeruginosa; C.A, Candida albicans; A.F, Aspergillus fumigatus; A.Fl, A. flavus; S.A, S. aureus; E.C, E.coli; K.P, Klebsiella pneumoniae, En, Enterococcus. R resistant, S sensitive and NA not applicable