Table 1.
HDAC expression in various cancer types and possible prognostic relevance.
| Levels in cancer types | Prognostic relevance | |
|---|---|---|
| Class I HDACs | ||
| 1 | Upregulated in gastric, colorectal, esophageal and pancreatic cancer | High expression in pancreatic cancer associated with poor prognosisIn hepatocellular carcinoma, high HDAC1 associated with invasion into the portal veinIn lung cancer, high HDAC1 associated with later stages of diseaseBetter disease‐free survival in breast cancer |
| 2 | Upregulated during early colorectal cancer at the polyp stageUpregulated in cervical dysplasia and invasive carcinoma | High levels in colorectal cancer associated with poor patient survivalAssociated with advanced stage disease in gastric, colorectal and prostate cancerAssociated with aggressive CTCL |
| 3 | Upregulated in lung cancer, prostate and colon cancer | High levels in colorectal cancer associated with poor patient survivalAssociated with advanced stage disease in gastric, colorectal and prostate cancerPoor prognostic indicator for post‐liver transplantation HCC |
| 8 | Upregulated in neuroblastoma | Higher expression associated with poorer outcome and advanced stage disease in paediatric neuroblastoma |
| Class IIA HDACs | ||
| 4 | Upregulated in breast cancer samples compared with renal, bladder and colorectal cancer | No data available |
| 5 | Upregulated in colorectal cancer in contrast to renal, bladder and breast cancerDownregulated in cancer and acute myeloid leukaemia | Low expression associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer |
| 7 | Upregulated in colorectal cancer in contrast to bladder, renal and breast cancer | May present an anti‐angiogenesis target |
| 9 | Overexpressed in medulloblastoma/astrocytoma | High levels associated with poor prognosis and survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
| Class IIB HDACs | ||
| 6 | High in oral squamous cell carcinoma | Associated with favourable outcome in CTCL in higher survival in breast cancer |
| 10 | Overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma | Poor prognostic indicator in lung cancer |
| Class IV HDACs | ||
| 11 | Overexpressed in breast cancer | No data available |