The process of brain metastasis formation. Tumor cells spread from the primary tumor or metastatic deposit to colonize the brain parenchyma, following a sequence of steps: A) local invasion, B) intravasation, C) tumor cells circulate in the bloodstream, D) extravasation into the brain parenchyma through the blood–brain barrier, E) interaction with stromal cells in the brain microenvironment (microglia, astrocytes).