Table 3. Comparison of health-related outcomes by different health behaviors and health culture.
| Variables | Overall n (%) |
Good SRH n (%) |
Fair or poor SRH n (%) |
χ2(P)/F(P) | Good Mental health n (%) |
Poor Mental health n (%) |
χ2(P)/F(P) | Good happiness n (%) |
Poor happiness n (%) |
χ2(P)/F(P) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | High | 275(18.5) | 221(80.7) | 53(19.3) | 17.583 (<0.001) | 239(87.9) | 33(12.1) | 18.322 (<0.001) | 230(84.6) | 42(15.4) | 14.713 (0.001) |
| Moderate | 700(47.1) | 525(75.1) | 174(24.9) | 581(83.1) | 118(16.9) | 556(79.9) | 140(20.1) | ||||
| Low | 510(34.3) | 340(67.5) | 164(32.5) | 382(76.1) | 120(23.9) | 365(73.3) | 133(26.7) | ||||
| Smoking | Yes | 359(23.9) | 248(69.1) | 111(30.9) | 4.803 (0.028) | 281(78.9) | 75(21.1) | 1.790 (0.181) | 264(75.0) | 88(25.0) | 2.686 (0.101) |
| No | 1144(76.1) | 852(74.9) | 285(25.1) | 931(82.1) | 203(17.9) | 895(79.1) | 236(20.9) | ||||
| Passive smoking | Yes | 673(45.4) | 458(68.2) | 214(31.8) | 17.798 (<0.001) | 511(76.6) | 156(23.4) | 19.027 (<0.001) | 482(72.6) | 182(27.4) | 21.927 (<0.001) |
| No | 811(54.6) | 627(77.9) | 178(22.1) | 689(85.5) | 117(14.5) | 662(82.8) | 138(17.3) | ||||
| Alcohol intake | Yes | 440(29.5) | 325(74.5) | 111(25.5) | 0.332 (0.564) | 353(81.5) | 80(18.5) | 0.014 (0.906) | 337(77.5) | 98(22.5) | 0.196 (0.658) |
| No | 1052(70.5) | 766(73.1) | 282(26.9) | 850(81.3) | 196(18.7) | 815(78.5) | 223(21.5) | ||||
| Workplace health culture | Health culture at individual level | 4.38±0.67 | 4.45±0.65 | 4.21±0.69 | 34.031 (<0.001) | 4.44±0.65 | 4.11±0.70 | 55.107 (<0.001) | 4.53±0.55 | 3.85±0.78 | 307.195 (<0.001) |
| Unhealthy behaviors of direct leadership | 3.74±1.35 | 3.74±1.38 | 3.74±1.26 | 0.000 (0.983) | 3.76±1.37 | 3.67±1.25 | 0.833 (0.361) | 3.79±1.38 | 3.59±1.21 | 5.483 (0.019) | |
| Adverse health effects of direct leadership | 3.97±1.18 | 3.96±1.22 | 3.98±1.07 | 0.055 (0.815) | 3.96±1.21 | 4.01±1.06 | 0.455 (0.500) | 4.01±1.21 | 3.82±1.05 | 6.525 (0.011) | |
| Beneficial health effects of direct leadership | 4.12±0.84 | 4.18±0.83 | 3.96±0.85 | 20.024 (<0.001) | 4.19±0.83 | 3.82±0.82 | 43.894 (<0.001) | 4.28±0.78 | 3.57±0.80 | 199.971 (<0.001) | |
| Health culture at workplace level | 4.15±0.82 | 4.22±0.81 | 3.99±0.82 | 23.299 (<0.001) | 4.23±0.79 | 3.83±0.86 | 55.126 (<0.001) | 4.31±0.75 | 3.61±0.82 | 207.389 (<0.001) | |