Table 2.
Clinical treatment, and service delivery effectiveness at study entry.
| Treated | Untreated | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical treatment effectiveness | |||
| HIV and antiretroviral treatment | |||
| Antiretrovirals ever initiated | 64/68 (94.1) | ||
| Ever achieved virologic suppressiona | 60/63 (95.2) | ||
| HCV and past interferon treatment | |||
| qPCR negative | 9/19 (47.4) | 36/160 (22.5) | 0.03 |
| Opioid dependence and methadone treatmentb | |||
| Taking prescribed methadone, no. (%) | 126/200 (64.0) | ||
| Methadone used in the past | 124/126 (98.4) | 58/74 (78.4) | <0.001 |
| Daily use of heroin, no. (%) | 18/126 (14.3) | 30/72 (41.7) | <0.001 |
| Heroin use, median days (IQR) | 2 (0-16) | 16 (1-28) | <0.001 |
| Urine drug screen positive opioids, no. (%)c | 66/115 (57.4) | 52/59 (88.1) | <0.001 |
| Psychotic disorders and antipsychotic treatmentd | |||
| Taking antipsychotics, no. (%) | 55/173 (31.8) | ||
| Antipsychotics used in the past | 44/55 (80.0) | 21/118 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| Severity of psychosis score, median (IQR) | 15 (9-21) | 13 (10-17) | 0.49 |
| Health service delivery effectiveness | |||
| HIV and antiretroviral treatment | |||
| Taking ARVs at study entrye | 38/62 (61.3) | ||
| ARV adherence (entry), median days (IQR)f | 28 (28-28) | ||
| Multimorbid illnesses, median no. (IQR)g | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) | 0.73 |
| Opioid dependence and methadone treatment | |||
| Methadone adherence, median days (IQR)f | 28 (28-28) | ||
| Powder cocaine use, median days (IQR)h | 0 (0-4) | 0 (0-4) | 1.00 |
| Crack cocaine use, median days (IQR) | 9 (0-28) | 2 (0-27) | 0.13 |
| Urine drug screen positive cocaine, no. (%)i | 94/115 (81.7) | 46/59 (78.0) | 0.55 |
| Multimorbid illnesses, median no. (IQR)j | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) | 0.84 |
| Psychotic disorders | |||
| Antipsychotic adherence, median days (IQR)f | 28 (27-28) | ||
| Powder cocaine use, median days (IQR)h | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-0) | 0.84 |
| Crack cocaine use, median days (IQR) | 2 (0-25) | 2 (0-24) | 0.76 |
| Urine drug screen positive cocaine, no. (%)i | 33/45 (73.3) | 68/99 (68.7) | 0.57 |
| Multimorbid illnesses, median no. (IQR)k | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) | 0.78 |
ARV = antiretroviral; HCV = hepatitis C; IQR = interquartile range; qPCR = qualitative polymerase chain reaction.
aData on clinical effectiveness of ARV treatment were missing for 1 patient.
bUse of methadone and heroin assessed over the 4 weeks prior to study entry.
cUrine drug screen done at study entry.
dUse of antipsychotic drugs assessed over the 4 weeks prior to study entry.
eData were missing on 2 patients with HIV at study entry.
fAdherence over the 4 weeks prior to entering study.
gMaximum number 11, excludes HIV.
hUse of cocaine assessed over the 4 weeks prior to study entry.
iUrine drug screens done at study entry.
jMaximum number 11, excludes opioid dependence.
kMaximum number 11, excludes psychotic disorder.