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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2017 Mar 3;185:88–93.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.02.011

Table 4.

Matched characteristics within strata of CHD severity.

Variable No CHD CHD p SMD

Severe CHD N=266 N=266

Age 0.94
 <6mos 123 (46.2) 125 (47.0) 0.015
 6–12mos 36 (13.5) 37 (13.9) 0.011
 1–6yrs 61 (22.9) 60 (22.6) 0.009
 6–12yrs 27 (10.2) 22 (8.3) 0.065
 >12yrs 19 (7.1) 22 (8.3) 0.042

Male 156 (58.7) 156 (58.7) 1.00 <0.001

Race 0.82
 NHW 159 (59.8) 152 (57.1) 0.053
 NHB 43 (16.2) 47 (17.7) 0.040
 Other 64 (24.1) 67 (25.2) 0.026

Year of surgery 0.54 0.053
 2013 135 (50.8) 128 (48.1)
 2014 131 (49.3) 138 (51.9)

ASA 0.44 0.067
 1–2 25 (9.4) 20 (7.5)
 >2 241 (90.6) 246 (92.5)

Elective 233 (87.6) 234 (88.0) 0.90 0.011

Operative 8.48 8.48 0.88 0.043
complexity (8.48–18.10) (8.48–18.10)

Major CHD N=1106 N=1106

Age 0.99
 <6mos 550 (49.7) 543 (49.1) 0.013
 6–12mos 175 (15.8) 175 (15.8) <0.001
 1–6yrs 202 (18.3) 205 (18.5) 0.007
 6–12yrs 79 (7.1) 84 (7.6) 0.017
 >12yrs 100 (9.0) 99 (9.0) 0.003

Male 588 (53.2) 579 (52.4) 0.70 0.016

Race 0.97
 NHW 620 (56.1) 616 (55.7) 0.007
 NHB 194 (17.5) 193 (17.5) 0.002
 Other 292 (26.4) 297 (26.9) 0.010

Year of surgery 0.73 0.015
 2013 461 (41.7) 469 (42.4)
 2014 645 (58.3) 637 (57.6)

ASA 0.76 0.013
 1–2 162 (14.7) 157 (14.2)
 >2 944 (85.4) 949 (85.8)

Elective 934 (84.5) 931 (84.2) 0.86 0.007

Operative complexity 11.29 (8.48–18.10) 11.29 (8.48–18.10) 0.84 0.002

Minor CHD N=1349 N=1349

Age 1.00
 <6mos 559 (41.4) 558 (41.4) 0.002
 6–12mos 160 (11.9) 160 (11.9) <0.001
 1–6yrs 254 (18.8) 257 (19.1) 0.006
 6–12yrs 172 (12.8) 172 (12.8) <0.001
 >12yrs 204 (15.1) 202 (15.0) 0.004

Male 766 (56.8) 767 (56.9) 0.97 0.001

Race 0.72
 NHW 778 (57.7) 758 (56.2) 0.030
 NHB 239 (17.7) 243 (18.0) 0.008
 Other 332 (24.6) 348 (25.8) 0.027

Year of surgery 0.94 0.003
 2013 603 (44.7) 601 (44.6)
 2014 746 (55.3) 748 (55.4)

ASA 0.93 0.003
 1–2 435 (32.3) 437 (32.4)
 >2 914 (67.7) 912 (67.6)

Elective 1057 (78.4) 1060 (78.6) 0.89 0.005

Operative complexity 9.45 (8.48–18.10) 10.05 (8.48–18.10) 0.45 0.031

Numbers are n (%) or median (interquartile range).

ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; CHD = congenital heart disease; NHB = non-Hispanic blacks; NHW = non-Hispanic whites; SMD = standardized mean difference