Table 1.
Demographic and characteristics (N = 93)
| HIV+ (n = 70) | HIV−(n = 23) | statistic, p-value | effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 52.04(11.02) | 49.35 (12.74) | t = .974, p = 0.33 | d = 0.22 |
| Sex (% male) | 85% | 47% | χ2 =. 2.91, p = 0.08 | d = 0.35 |
| Ethnicity (%) | χ2 = .93, p = 0.63 | d = 0.20 | ||
| African American | 60% | 60% | – | |
| Caucasian | 40% | 40% | – | |
| Education (years) | 13.44 (2.14) | 14.22 (2.08) | t = −1.53, p = 0.13 d | = 0.36 |
| WRAT-4 reading raw score | 59.57 (6.67) | 61.57 (7.59) | t = −1.19, p = 0.24 | d = 0.27 |
| Social adversity score (total) | 1.03 (1.00) | 1.45 (1.01) | t = −1.74, p = 0.09 | d = 0.41 |
| “0” | 36% | 22% | – | |
| “1” | 33% | 36% | – | |
| “2” | 20% | 27% | – | |
| “3” | 11% | 14% | – | |
| Individual adversity indicators | ||||
| Financial Strain | NS | |||
| “0” (no) | 85% | 85% | ||
| “1” (yes) | 15% | 15% | ||
| Current SES (Hollingshead index) | 40.91 (10.76) | 42.36 (11.31) | F = .297, p = .58 | d = 0.13 |
| Childhood neighborhood SES | ||||
| “1” (low income/poor) | 24% | 22% | NS | |
| “2” (middle class) | 60% | 50% | ||
| “3” (upper middle class) | 12% | 18% | ||
| “4” (wealthy) | 3% | 9% | ||
| Current community SES | ||||
| “1” (low income/poor) | 33% | 27% | NS | |
| “2” (middle class) | 48% | 46% | ||
| “3” (upper middle class) | 13% | 22% | ||
| “4” (wealthy) | 4% | 4% | ||
| Perceived racial discrimination (PED-Q) | 36.77 (16.11) | 29.41 (11.06) | F = 5.77, p = 0.02 | d = 0.58 |
| Global z-score | −.002 (.65) | .27 (.43) | F = 3.0, p = .09 | d = 0.49 |
| Processing Speed z-score | −.05 (.80) | .16 (.78) | F = 1.18, p = 0.28 | d = 0.26 |
| Attention/WM z-score | −.07 (.91) | .22 (.71) | F = 1.86, p = 0.17 | d = 0.35 |
| Fluency z-score | −.01 (.85) | .04 (.85) | F = .08, p = 0.77 | d = 0.05 |
| Learning/Mem z-score | −.10 (.80) | .32 (.98) | F = 3.59, p = 0.05 | d = 0.46 |
| Executive z-score | −.11 (.89) | .34 (.59) | F = 4.96, p = 0.03 | d = 0.59 |
| Motor T-score | .96 (.98) | 1.11 (.74) | F = .462, p = 0.49 | d = 0.17 |
| BDI-II score | 9.75 (8.77) | 4.61 (5.34) | t = 2.65, p = 0.01 | d = 0.71 |
| Recent plasma CD4 count | 604.79 (293.25) | – | – | |
| Nadir CD4 count | 206.61 (150.38) | – | – | |
| *% undetectable plasma viral load | 54% | – | – | |
| % on cART | 95% | – | – | |
| Current psychiatric history | ||||
| Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) | 6% | 6% | NS | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0% | 0% | NS | |
| Past psychiatric history | ||||
| Major depressive disorder | 16% | 18% | NS | |
| Age of onset of MDD | 23.5 (6.62) | 22.02 (5.65) | NS | |
| Bipolar disorder | 0% | 0% | NS | |
| Current drug use | ||||
| Alcohol | 2% | 4% | NS | |
| Marijuana | 3% | 0 | NS | |
| Past Drug Use | ||||
| Alcohol | 9% | 12% | χ2 = .39, p = 0.53 | d = 0.13 |
| Marijuana | 22% | 25% | χ2 = .11, p = .85 | d = 0.03 |
| Cocaine | 6% | 12% | χ2 = .35, p = .48 | d = 0.06 |
| Stimulants | 6% | 0 | χ2 = 1.37,p = .29 | d = 0.24 |
| Past drug abuse/dependence | ||||
| Alcohol | 23% | 16% | χ2 = .39, p = .53 | d = 0.13 |
| Marijuana | 25% | 23% | NS | |
| Urine toxicology results (% positive) | ||||
| Amphetamine | 0% | 0% | NS | |
| Barbiturates | 0% | 0% | NS | |
| Cocaine | 0% | 0% | NS | |
| Benzodiazepines | 34% | 9% | χ2 = 5.62, p = 0.01 | d = 0.50 |
| Marijuana | 23% | 22% | NS | |
| Methadone | 1% | 0% | NS | |
| Opiates | 10% | 0% | χ2 = 2.48, p = 0.11 | d = 0.33 |
| PCP | 0% | 0% | NS | |
| MDMA | 0% | 0% | NS |
*
Undetectable viral load ≤20 copies/mL
**
NS = Not significant p > .90