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. 2017 Jul 26;7:6513. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06872-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Curcumin and Curcuma longa L. extract regulate the formation of disulfide bonds during oxidative protein folding. (a) Liver lysates were analyzed for the presence of PDI in high-molecular-weight complexes using non-reducing gels. (b) Liver lysates were derivatized with DNPH, electrophoresed under non-reducing conditions, and immunoblotted with anti-DNP antibody. Independently, liver samples were immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted with anti-PDI antibody in reducing gel condition and immunoblotted with anti-PDI antibody. (c) PDI-reductase activity was measured in the same-treated liver samples. Results are presented as percentages of the PDI activity of control rats. (d) Liver lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-PDI or anti-apoB antibody and immunoblotted with anti-apoB or anti-PDI antibody, respectively. (e) Oxygen-consumption kinetics were assayed using isolated ER fractions from 1 day and 4 week CCl₄-treated rats. The experiments were carried out three times with similar activity profiles. The experiments were repeated three times using tissue from at least three different rats. CL: Curcuma longa L., PDI: protein disulfide isomerase, DNPH: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, DNP: dinitrophenol.