Table 5.
Pre-post assessment.
| VR group-AD | VR group-normal aging | zb | pc | rd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal fluency test | −1.60 (4.00) | 3.50 (3.89) | −2.240 | 0.025 | 0.527 |
| Verbal categorical test | 0.70 (4.71) | 3.87 (5.03) | −1.206 | 0.228 | 0.284 |
| FABa | 0.84 (4.26) | 1.49 (2.13) | −0.670 | 0.503 | 0.157 |
| Attentional matrices test | 4.71 (9.52) | 1.25 (8.53) | −0.357 | 0.721 | 0.084 |
| Digit span test | 0.01 (0.82) | −0.12 (0.83) | −0.369 | 0.466 | 0.086 |
| Corsi block test—span | 0.17 (1.20) | −0.12 (0.84) | −0.272 | 0.712 | 0.064 |
| Corsi block test—supraspan | 1.56 (2.53) | 1.88 (4.21) | −0.267 | 0.790 | 0.059 |
Delta scores obtained from the pre-post neuropsychological for patients with AD assigned to the VR-based training (“VR group-AD”) and for cognitively healthy elderly individuals-assigned to the VR-based training (“VR Group-Normal Aging Data are shown as means and standard deviations (SD).
a
MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination.
b
Mann–Whitney U testing.
c
p-value.
d
Effect size (|r| > 0.40 can be considered as a medium effect size, Cohen, 1988).