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. 2017 Jul 26;7:6607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06993-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dodecameric TNF muteins are still selective for TNFR2 (A) HeLa cells were stimulated with oligomerized TNF muteins for 24 hours. Soluble recombinant human TNF (sTNF) was used as a positive control for activation of TNFR1. Then supernatant was collected and analyzed for presence of IL-6 by ELISA (n = 3 ± SEM). (B) L929 cells were incubated with oligomerized TNF muteins for 24 hours. Soluble recombinant mouse TNF (sTNF) was used as a positive control for activation of TNFR1. Cell viability was measured using crystal violet staining (n = 3 ± SEM).