Table 4.
Item No. | Wave 1 (N = 818) | Effect size | Wave 2 (N = 616) | Effect size | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male [M (SD)] (n = 340, 41.6%) | Female [M (SD)] (n = 478, 58.4%) | Cohen’s d | Male [M (SD)] (n = 246, 39.9%) | Female [M (SD)] (n = 370, 60.1%) | Cohen’s d | |
Overall mean | 2.29 (.78)** | 2.12 (.65)** | .24 | 2.28 (.78)** | 2.09 (.67)** | .28 |
1 | 1.54 (1.03)*** | 1.23 (.67)*** | .37 | 1.55 (1.02)*** | 1.29 (.74)*** | .30 |
3 | 1.79 (1.02) | 1.84 (1.02) | −.05 | 1.87 (1.02) | 1.91 (1.02) | −.04 |
5 | 3.07 (1.51)*** | 2.50 (1.45)*** | .39 | 2.81 (1.51)* | 2.56 (1.38)* | .17 |
6 | 2.34 (1.35)* | 2.14 (1.28)* | .15 | 2.39 (1.26)* | 2.13 (1.27)* | .21 |
7 | 2.97 (1.58) | 3.14 (1.54) | −.11 | 2.91 (1.55) | 2.98 (1.53) | −.05 |
8 | 1.78 (1.09)* | 1.62 (.96)* | .16 | 1.95 (1.18)* | 1.72 (1.05)* | .21 |
9 | 1.83 (1.15)** | 1.61 (1.00)** | .21 | 1.91 (1.13)** | 1.66 (.95)** | .24 |
10 | 2.97 (1.37) | 2.84 (1.36) | .10 | 2.95 (1.34) | 2.82 (1.30) | .10 |
11 | 2.90 (1.51)** | 2.63 (1.42)** | .18 | 2.85 (1.51)* | 2.60 (1.42)* | .17 |
12 | 2.26 (1.27)*** | 1.71 (1.07)*** | .48 | 2.21 (1.22)*** | 1.65 (.99)*** | .51 |
14 | 1.79 (1.23) | 1.82 (1.22) | −.02 | 1.80 (1.24) | 1.71 (1.09) | .08 |
18 | 1.38 (.84)** | 1.21 (.61)** | .22 | 1.45 (.94)** | 1.25 (.65)** | .26 |
21 | 1.69 (1.07) | 1.56 (1.00) | .13 | 1.69 (1.06) | 1.61 (1.01) | .08 |
24 | 2.18 (1.42)* | 1.97 (1.30)* | .16 | 2.15 (1.44)** | 1.86 (1.18)** | .23 |
25 | 2.88 (1.52) | 2.73 (1.52) | .10 | 2.97 (1.50)*** | 2.55 (1.41)*** | .29 |
26 | 2.86 (1.26) | 2.71 (1.15) | .13 | 2.88 (1.25) | 2.69 (1.21) | .16 |
28 | 2.40 (1.38) | 2.42 (1.41) | −.01 | 2.37 (1.43) | 2.31 (1.30) | .04 |
33 | 1.83 (1.12)*** | 1.53 (.96)*** | .29 | 1.79 (1.06)** | 1.53 (.89)** | .27 |
35 | 3.04 (1.55) | 3.09 (1.52) | −.03 | 2.93 (1.54) | 2.80 (1.49) | .09 |
* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001