Figure 2.

(a) Experimental pulse waveform applied to hydrogels. A bipolar waveform of 1 μs pulses separated by a 5 μs delay was used to accomplish electroporation in a hydrogel platform. (b) Power-spectrum analysis of an experimental pulse train. The amplitude frequency distribution found by fast Fourier transform of experimental pulse trains shows that the pulse train of 1 μs bipolar pulses separated by a 5 μs delay delivers the majority of its power at frequencies around 100 kHz. (c) Single-cell steady-state response to an electric field of 1000V/cm applied as an alternating-current signal. As expected, larger cells (U87 and astrocyte) present larger TMPs at lower frequencies. However, cells of higher NCR will have larger TMPs at higher frequencies (>100 kHz).