Table I.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Case (n=971) | Controls (n=1,085) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author/(Refs.), year | Country | Sample | Detection method | HPV type detected | n/Total n | % | n/Total n | % |
| McNicol and Dodd (23), 1991 | Canada | FF | PCR, type-specific primers | 16,18 | 14/27 | 51.9 | 34/56 | 60.7 |
| Masood et al (58), 1991 | USA | FFPE | ISH | 6,11,16,18,31,35 | 0/20 | 0.0 | 0/20 | 0.0 |
| Rotola et al (55), 1992 | Italy | FF | PCR, specific primers | 16 | 6/8 | 75.0 | 14/17 | 82.3 |
| Anwar et al (56), 1992 | Japan | PET | PCR, type-specific primers | 16,18,33 | 28/68 | 41.2 | 0/10 | 0.0 |
| Ibrahim et al (57), 1992 | USA | PET | PCR | 16 | 6/24 | 25.0 | 0/16 | 0.0 |
| Dodd et al (54), 1993 | Canada | FF | PCR | 16 | 3/7 | 42.9 | 5/10 | 50.0 |
| Moyret-Lalle et al (53), 1995 | France | FF | PCR, type-specific | 16.18 | 9/17 | 52.9 | 7/22 | 31.8 |
| Suzuki et al (51), 1996 | Japan | FF | PCR, consensus primers | 16 | 8/51 | 15.7 | 0/51 | 0.0 |
| Wideroff et al (52), 1996 | USA | PET | PCR, consensus primers | 6,11,16,18,31,33,45 | 7/56 | 12.5 | 4/42 | 9.5 |
| Anderson et al (50), 1997 | UK | FF | PCR, type-specific and general primers | 16 | 0/14 | 0.0 | 0/10 | 0.0 |
| Noda et al (48), 1998 | Japan | PET | PCR, consensus primers | 16 | 0/38 | 0.0 | 3/71 | 4.2 |
| Strickler et al (49), 1998 | USA | FF | PCR | 11,16,18, 51,56 | 0/63 | 0.0 | 0/61 | 0.0 |
| Serth et al (22), 1999 | Germany | FF | PCR | 16 | 10/47 | 21.3 | 1/37 | 2.7 |
| Carozzi et al (47), 2004 | Italy | FF | PCR | 6,11,16,18,31,33,35,45,52,58 | 17/26 | 65.4 | 12/25 | 48.0 |
| Leiros et al (46), 2005 | Argentina | PET | PCR | 11.16 | 17/41 | 41.5 | 0/30 | 0.0 |
| Gazzaz and Mosli (45), 2009 | Saudi Arabia | FF | Hybrid Capture | 6,11,16,18,31,33,35,39,40 | 0/6 | 0.0 | 0/50 | 0.0 |
| Chen et al (6), 2011 | Australia | FF | PCR, type-specific | 18 | 7/51 | 13.7 | 3/11 | 27.3 |
| Aghakhani et al (44), 2011 | Iran | PET | PCR, general primers | 6,11,16,18 | 13/104 | 12.5 | 8/104 | 7.7 |
| Tachezy et al (42), 2012 | Czech Republic | PET | PCR, general primers | 16 | 1/51 | 2.0 | 2/95 | 2.1 |
| Salehi and Hadavi (43), 2012 | Iran | FF | PCR, consensus primers | NR | 3/68 | 4.4 | 0/85 | 0.0 |
| Whitaker et al (41), 2013 | Australia | PET | PCR, type-specific primers | 18 | 7/10 | 70.0 | 2/10 | 20.0 |
| Ghasemian et al (40), 2013 | Iran | PET | PCR, general primers | NR | 5/29 | 17.2 | 8/167 | 4.8 |
| Michopoulou et al (39), 2014 | Greece | PET | PCR, general primers | 16,18,31 | 8/50 | 16.0 | 1/30 | 3.3 |
| Singh et al (38), 2015 | India | PET | PCR, type-specific primers | 6,11,16,18 | 39/95 | 41.1 | 11/55 | 20.0 |
PET, paraffin-embedded tissue; FF, fresh frozen; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ISH, in situ hybridization; NR, not recorded.