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. 2017 Jun 16;14(2):1905–1910. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6396

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Figure 1. — CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and related pathways in HCC progression. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling regulates the PI3K pathway and SHH expression, which correlates with tumor growth and cancer stem cell regeneration. In addition, CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling regulates the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway for cell proliferation. The CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway crosstalks with TGF-β signaling to enhance cancer cell migration. Activated EphA1 promotes the homing of endothelial progenitor cells to HCC for tumor neovascularization. CXCL12, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor 4; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase; TGFβR, transforming growth factor β receptor; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK, extracellular-related kinase; EphA1, ephrin receptor A1.