Table 4.
Multivariate ORs comparing patient characteristics at different HbA1c ranges
| Variable | Comparison | Moderate vs tight control: HbA1c 7%–8.5% vs HbA1c<7% | Not controlled vs tight control: HbA1c>8.5% vs HbA1c<7% | Not controlled vs moderate control: HbA1c >8.5% vs HbA1c 7%–8.5% | |||
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR | p Value | ||
| Age range in years | 40–49 vs 80+ | 1.28 (1.11 to 1.49) | 0.001 | 4.35 (3.57 to 5.30) | <0.0001 | 3.39 (2.75–4.17) | <0.0001 |
| 50–59 vs 80+ | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.35) | 0.0008 | 3.02 (2.55 to 3.57) | <0.0001 | 2.50 (2.10–2.99) | <0.0001 | |
| 60–69 vs 80+ | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.21) | 0.09 | 1.89 (1.60 to 2.22) | <0.0001 | 1.73 (1.46–2.06) | <0.0001 | |
| 70–79 vs 80+ | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.09) | 0.8 | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.31) | 0.3 | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) | 0.2 | |
| Gender | Male vs female | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11) | 0.2 | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.33) | <0.0001 | 1.17 (1.07–1.29) | 0.0009 |
| Number of comorbidities* | 0–1 vs 3+ | 1.66 (1.46 to 1.90) | <0.0001 | 1.50 (1.24 to 1.80) | <0.0001 | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | 0.3 |
| 2–3 vs 3+ | 1.38 (1.23 to 1.54) | <0.0001 | 1.24 (1.06 to 1.46) | 0.008 | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 0.2 | |
| sBP >130 mm Hg | Yes vs no | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | <0.0001 | 1.32 (1.21 to 1.45) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.01 |
| LDL >2 mmol/L | Yes vs no | 0.78 (0.73 to 0.83) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) | 0.5 | 1.32 (1.20–1.45) | <0.0001 |
| BMI | Overweight vs normal/underweight | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.26) | 0.02 | 0.93 (0.80 to 1.08) | 0.3 | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | 0.02 |
| Obese vs normal/underweight | 1.22 (1.11 to 1.35) | 0.0001 | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.33) | 0.05 | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.5 | |
| Number of primary care encounters | 6–16 vs 0–5 | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) | 0.6 | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.05) | 0.2 | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.1 |
| 17+ vs 0–5 | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.30) | 0.01 | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.40) | 0.02 | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | 0.6 | |
| Number of medication classes prescribed† | 1 vs 0 | 1.59 (1.46 to 1.72) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) | 0.06 | 0.71 (0.62–0.81) | <0.0001 |
| 2 vs 0 | 3.17 (2.79 to 3.60) | <0.0001 | 3.29 (2.78 to 3.90) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.7 | |
| 3+ vs 0 | 5.43 (4.78 to 6.17) | <0.0001 | 9.76 (8.44 to 11.29) | <0.0001 | 1.80 (1.58–2.05) | <0.0001 | |
*Includes the CPCSSN validated comorbidities only (hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, osteoarthritis, dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease).
†A prescription for insulin automatically included a patient in group 3.
ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low density lipoprotein; sBP, systolic blood pressure.