Table 3.
Markers with hormonal activity.
| Biomarker | Trials | Patients | Results | Potential DX efficiency in cryptogenic stroke |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT-pro BNP/BNP | 1 prospective trial | 72 | ↑ BNP levels in patients with AF compared to those without AF | ++ |
| 1 prospective trial | 76 | First-day BNP and LAA flow are helpful in differentiating cardioembolic stroke with AF from noncardioembolic stroke | ||
| 1 prospective trial | 5445 | NT-proBNP was an important predictor of incident AF, also after adjustment for covariates | ||
| 1 prospective trial | 5518 | NT-proBNP was significantly associated with incident AF and is a strong predictor of it | ||
| 1 prospective trial | 3067 | ↑ BNP levels were associated with significant excess of incident AF and independent of traditional AF risk factors | ||
| 1 prospective trial | 264 | ↑ ProBNP levels determined during the acute phase of stroke ↑ 5-fold the risk of developing AF in cryptogenic stroke patients in the following 2 years | ||
| 1 prospective trial | 300 | BNP level has a really strong negative predictive value in patients with stroke that can be related to AF | ||
|
| ||||
| FGF-23 | 1 prospective trial | 7748 | FGF-23 concentrations were associated with higher unadjusted incidence rates of AF ↑ FGF-23 concentration ↑ the risk of incident AF |
+ |
+: potentially useful; ++: very promising; ↑: increased.