Evolution of the ratio between observed and expected number of IPs in Italy between 2000 and 2015. Saturated colors mark significant results once accounted for multiple hypothesis testing. Agr, agriculture; Bio, biological sciences; Chem, chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences; CivEng, civil engineering and architecture; Econ, economics and statistics; Geo, geology and Earth sciences; Hum, philology, literature, archeology; IndEng, industrial, electronic, and electric engineering; Law, law; Math, mathematics and computer science; Med, medical sciences; Ped, pedagogy, psychology, history, philosophy; Phys, physics and astrophysics; Soc, social and political sciences.