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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Lett. 2017 Apr 12;399:29–43. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.005

Figure 3. Loss of IFITM1 reduces aromatase inhibitor-resistant tumor cell invasion in the MIND model.

Figure 3

5,000 MCF-7:5C/shIF cells were injected into the duct of the 4th mammary gland of female ovariectomized NSG mice use the MIND injection protocol. Four glands were also injected with PBS (sham). After 10 days, mice were randomized to treatment groups and half were provided doxycycline (Dox)-treated drinking water. After 3 weeks, mammary glands were removed. (a) A diagram of the two breast cancer models where cells are injected into the mammary fat pad (Orthotopic Model) or through the nipple (MIND Model). (b) Mammary glands were fixed and processed onto glass slides. Immunofluorescent staining of the breast cancer cells for IFITM1, human keratin 19 (HuK19-red) and the mammary duct for smooth muscle actin (SMA-green) was conducted. Arrows indicate the mammary duct wall. (c) The milk duct was identified by immunohistochemistry. SMA was used to delineate invasive areas in MCF-7:5C/shCon and MCF-7:5C/shIF cells. (d) Number of invasive lesions were quantified per duct in a 10X field. Numbers represent averages of 5 fields in 3 different mammary glands for each treatment group. ** p< 0.01