Table 3.
Between-group comparison of outcomes 6 months of treatment
| Outcomes measures | A versus B |
A versus C |
A versus D |
A versus E |
B versus C |
B versus D |
B versus E |
C versus D |
C versus E |
D versus E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain resolution | p = 0.725 | p = 0.082 | p = 0.009 | p = 0.009 | p = 0.300 | p = 0.027 | p = 0.027 | p = 0.478 | p = 0.478 | p = 1.000 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Reduction in pain intensity | p = 0.027 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.162 | p = 0.052 | p = 0.075 | p = 0.664 | p = 0.538 | p = 0.853 |
| (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | |
| Appearance of penile pain | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Plaque volume reduction | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Reduction in plaque volume | p = 0.276 | p = 0.014 | p = 0.0007 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.182 | p = 0.009 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.082 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
| (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | |
| Increase in plaque volume | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Improvement in penile curvature | p = 0.869 | p = 0.233 | p = 0.012 | p = 0.012 | p = 0.313 | p = 0.020 | p = 0.020 | p = 0.327 | p = 0.327 | p = 1.000 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Decrease of penile curvature angle | p = 0.338 | p = 0.068 | p = 0.002 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.439 | p = 0.039 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.157 | p = 0.0006 | p = 0.026 |
| (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | |
| Percentage reduction of penile curvature | p = 0.737 | p = 0.240 | p = 0.010 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.377 | p = 0.018 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.128 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
| (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | |
| Resolution of penile curvature | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 0.490 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 0.513 | p = 1.000 | p = 0.513 | p = 0.468 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Worsening in penile curvature | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 |
| (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | |
| Improvement in penile rigidity | p = 0.854 | p = 0.554 | p = 0.154 | p = 0.125 | p = 0.604 | p = 0.449 | p = 0.399 | p = 0.944 | p = 0.898 | p = 1.000 |
| in patients with erectile dysfunction | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) |
| Recovery of penile rigidity | p = 0.751 | p = 0.285 | p = 0.017 | p = 0.011 | p = 0.751 | p = 0.083 | p = 0.063 | p = 0.388 | p = 0.340 | p = 1.000 |
| in patients with erectile dysfunction | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) |
| Improvement in IIEF-EF score | p = 0.227 | p = 0.132 | p = 0.0307 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.824 | p = 0.402 | p = 0.077 | p = 0.547 | p = 0.126 | p = 0.328 |
| in patients with erectile dysfunction | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) |
| Improvement in IIEF-EF score | p = 0.259 | p = 0.042 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.307 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.0004 | p = 0.046 | p = 0.008 | p = 0.320 |
| in patients without erectile dysfunction | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) |
| Appearance of erectile dysfunction | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 | p = 1.000 |
| in patients with normal penile rigidity | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) | (χ2 test) |
| Improvement in PDQ score | p = 0.005 | p = 0.001 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.259 | p = 0.259 | p = 0.004 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.086 | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.001 |
| (PD symptom bother/psychosexual impact) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) | (t-test) |
Notes: Data in bold indicates statistical significance. p-value (χ2 test and t-test). Treatments in the different groups: group A = silymarin; group B = silymarin + Ginkgo; group C = silymarin + Ginkgo + vitamin E; group D = silymarin + Ginkgo + vitamin E + propolis + bilberry + topical diclofenac; and group E = silymarin + Ginkgo + vitamin E + propolis + bilberry + topical diclofenac + pentoxifylline injection.
Abbreviations: IIEF-EF, international index of erectile function - erectile function score; PDQ, Peyronie’s disease questionnaire; PD, Peyronie’s disease