Table 3.

Repeat cross-sectional associations between motorway exposure and change in walking, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour

	Walking			MVPA			Sedentary behaviour
		Participation (yes/no)	Minutes per week		Participation (yes/no)	Minutes per week		Minutes per day
Exposure	N	OR (95% CI)	IRR (95% CI)	N	OR (95% CI)	IRR (95% CI)	N	B (95% CI)
Area: New motorway (South) (Reference: no motorway (North))	1499	0.95 (0.47, 1.93)	1.08 (0.83, 1.40)	1412	0.95 (0.53, 1.72)	0.94 (0.71, 1.25)	1318	20.72 (−42.59, 84.03)
Proximity within study area with new motorway	475	0.46 (0.12, 1.70)	0.89 (0.56, 1.42)	450	0.36 (0.12, 1.05)	0.85 (0.53, 1.37)	431	38.65 (−73.48, 150.79)
Area: Existing motorway (East) (Reference: no motorway (North))	1499	1.00 (0.53, 1.92)	1.05 (0.81, 1.38)	1412	0.67 (0.37, 1.22)	1.01 (0.77, 1.32)	1318	16.18 (−47.30, 79.66)
Proximity within study area with existing motorway	495	1.50 (0.59, 3.80)	1.42 (0.95, 2.12)	474	1.05 (0.44, 2.48)	1.36 (0.93, 1.98)	432	35.86 (−52.98, 124.70)

MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, OR odds ratio, IRR incidence rate ratio, B beta, CI confidence interval. Proximity was defined as the negative of the natural logarithm of the road network distance in metres from the weighted population centroid of the unit postcode of residence to the nearest motorway junction. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, home ownership, car ownership, work status and time lived in neighbourhood