Table 5.

Quotes on factors contributing to weight according to carers from Bandung, Indonesia

	Low SES	Intermediate SES	High SES
Dietary factors	• P1: It’s mainly caused by one’s dietary habit that is too... where one does not have appropriate portions. Also, frequent eating can cause obesity. • P4: It could be that, Ma’am, aa, obesity comes from eating too many sugary foods, excessive sugar consumption. Or it could be from the snacks, Ma’am; they’re not very healthy. • P7: Even if he has eaten two packs of noodles, if he has not eaten rice, he’ll consider it as if he hasn’t eaten yet.	• P2: They eat too much  P5: It has to be empat sehat lima sempurna (Four Healthy, Five Perfect – an Indonesian ideal meal incorporating carbohydrates, proteins, vegetables, fruits, and milk). • P2: Like when you sleep right after you eat, lack of exercise, eating snacks… these things make you bigger. • P9: Aa, they eat a bowl of noodle and a plateful of rice.  M: So, noodles and rice. How often do they eat that, Ma’am?  P9: Aa, sometimes they eat those twice a day.  P5: Noodle can also cause obesity. • P7: Initially, A (name) drank too many sugary drinks like... something like Teh Gelas (sugary drinks brand). So he became obese.	• P1: We are Indonesians, we have to eat rice. • P7: She has a big appetite, drinks a lot of milk, and her father is also fat. Could that be a factor? • P2: I rarely consume noodles now, when I do, I only put half of the MSG. Hahaha. • P6: So you add salt to it? • P2: Aa, nope, I add eggs and mix them with butter, so it has the right amount of saltiness from the butter. • P6: But that’s where the fat come from (the butter). • P4: It can be the quantity of the milk.P5: It can be how much the children drink the milk. • P3: Maybe it’s because they drink a lot of milk. • P4: For example, he drinks brand A, although he only drinks a little, but the composition is different. Maybe one of the compositions stimulates the appetite.
Activity levels and sedentary behaviours in children	• P1: After they eat, they’re just sitting down, watching TV. So that, aa, there is no chance for them to burn the calories. That might have caused (the person to be). • P7: Fat. • P2: He is out somewhere to play (right after he came home from school). Changes his uniform, then goes straight outside to play. • P3: After school my daughter usually have her lunch, then….. Then after lunch, that’s in... in the afternoon, aa, she is joining Qur’an (Moslem’s holy book) recitation. • P7: Maybe, being fat is caused by lack of...maybe lack of activities? • P8: They fly kites. • P5: They just run around. • P8: They ride bicycles, Doc. • P7: Right, bicycles.	• P6: Lifestyle.  M: What kind of lifestyle?  P6: One that lacks exercise. • P8: My child can’t stand staying at home, so he plays outside. • M: What do you think about the physical education class at school? • P6: It’s not long enough. • P4: Right, it’s not enough. • P3: They mostly play outside, of course.P5: Yeah, outdoors. • P8: He reads Qur’an in the evening. • P5: He reads the Qur’an, ma’am. • P3: My child reads the Qur’an in the evening and afterwards he plays for a while M: Outside or inside the house? • P3: He plays outside.	• P4: Video games. • P5: This (imitates someone playing video games) isn’t being active. • All: Hahaha • P4: Because, the children can, umm, even if they don’t go outside, they can do the activities at home.P3: They can play around the house, moving here and there, right?  P4: Yes. They can go up and down.  P5: On the stairs, right? • P2: For my son of course it’s inside. • P3: Heeh, he arrived in the afternoon, and then go straight to his math course. And then it’s Maghrib (praying times-6 pm) when he came home; he only spends some time outside the house on Saturdays and Sundays, and that doesn’t happen a lot either. • P2: Yeah, same here. Even on Saturdays and Sundays he doesn’t spend much time outside.
Heredity	• P1: Those who have inherited it from.... • P6: From the parents. • P3: Being large is in my family’s blood • P8: But he inherits it from his father. His father is also fat. • P2: That’s when an excessive diet is not balanced by exercise, which was mentioned earlier. Heredity is a factor that can play into this, too, right? Like genes? Right? • P9: People in the village always think like this, it’s normal if the children are fat because the father is also fat, just like that.	• P8: There’s the heredity factor. • P3: Yes, it’s inherited. • P5: That’s why the children become fat. • P7: If the parents were fat, the children would also be fat. • P1: Heredity. • P2: It can be inherited. • P4: Fatness can be inherited.	• P2: It’s inherited. I am one of the big families. Yeah, my husband and I, we’re big and tall people. • P7: Several diseases are heredity like cancer, asthma, but not overweight. • P8: The shape and size of the body is probably not affected by heredity. • P6: It might be both. Maybe, the fat people already has a heredity factor and then… • P5: It’s worsened by wrong dietary habit. • P6: The heredity, maybe, heredity factor? • P4: Do you mean genetic factor? • P6: So, their bones are naturally big. • P5: Yes, since they were little, it’s already big.