Table 2.
Comparison of clinical indices between robust, prefrail and frail groups classified by the Kihon Checklist
| Variable | n | Robust | Prefrail | Frail |
| CAT score | 79 | 5.8±4.7 | 7.3±5.6 | 15.2±9.1*† |
| SGRQ | ||||
| Symptom | 79 | 34.2±16.0 | 31.2±15.2 | 53.6±22.4*† |
| Activity | 79 | 17.7±19.2 | 31.6±21.4* | 62.5±22.8*† |
| Impacts | 79 | 5.5±7.4 | 11.6±10.8 | 33.9±19.8*† |
| Total | 79 | 13.8±10.1 | 20.8±12.3 | 45.9±19.0*† |
| SF-36 | ||||
| Physical functioning | 73 | 48.6±9.0 | 38.2±13.8* | 27.8±17.7*† |
| Role physical | 73 | 45.8±11.2 | 37.9±15.6 | 36.9±13.4 |
| Bodily pain | 73 | 54.5±9.5 | 50.1±10.8 | 41.5±8.5*† |
| General health | 73 | 50.9±8.6 | 44.9±5.2* | 35.4±7.7*,† |
| Vitality | 73 | 56.6±7.5 | 51.2±7.6* | 40.2±8.1*† |
| Social functioning | 73 | 53.7±6.3 | 50.0±9.7 | 36.8±11.1*† |
| Role emotional | 73 | 48.8±10.4 | 45.4±13.3 | 39.1±16.1* |
| Mental health | 73 | 54.9±8.4 | 51.1±7.6 | 40.9±9.5*† |
| Hyland Scale score | 79 | 74.1±10.5 | 68.3±13.5 | 47.4±18.5*† |
| BDI score | 77 | 9.8±1.8 | 9.5±1.7 | 6.0±2.5*† |
| D-12 score | 78 | 0.4±0.9 | 1.5±3.2 | 4.8±7.1*† |
| FEV1 (L) | 79 | 1.91±0.53 | 1.65±0.54 | 1.40±0.49* |
| FEV1 (% pred) | 79 | 72.9±19.5 | 69.6±20.8 | 60.9±20.6 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 79 | 57.2±9.6 | 54.7±12.1 | 52.4±12.1 |
| IC (L) | 79 | 2.19±0.62 | 2.10±0.53 | 1.90±0.45 |
| IC/TLC (%) | 79 | 37.3±9.7 | 38.1±10.0 | 39.2±15.0 |
| TLC (% pred) | 79 | 109.4±20.7 | 110.0±34.1 | 98.7±31.0 |
| DLCO (mL/min/mmHg) | 79 | 13.14±4.76 | 11.03±3.51 | 8.99±4.59* |
| DLCO (% pred) | 79 | 55.9±18.8 | 49.5±16.2 | 40.9±20.5* |
| DLCO/VA (mL/min/mmHg/L) | 79 | 2.79±0.86 | 2.46±0.65 | 2.31±1.28 |
Values represent mean±SD.
*p<0.05 versus robust group.
†p<0.05 versus prefrail group.
BDI, Baseline Dyspnea Index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D-12, Dyspnea-12; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; FEV1 % pred, forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed in percentage predicted; IC, inspiratory capacity; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form; SGRQ, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TLC, total lung capacity; VA, alveolar volume.